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Psych 3313 > Pharmacology for Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology for Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What do non-competitive antagonists do?

A

They bind to a site on the receptor that keeps the channel closed but isn’t the same site as the NT. When the NT binds to its site on the receptor, it does not activate and the channel stays closed

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2
Q

What do MDMA and SSRI’s (Prozac, etc.) do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Inhibit serotonin reuptake. Agonist

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3
Q

What does additional L-dopa do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Increases dopamine production. Agonist

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4
Q

What do cocaine, amphetamines, and methylphenidate (Ritalin) do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Inhibit dopamine reuptake. Agonist.

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5
Q

What two types of antagonists are there?

A

Competitive and non-competitive

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6
Q

What do cocaine, amphetamine, and Ritalin do?

A

Inhibit dopamine reuptake

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7
Q

What do SSRIs (Prozac) do?

A

Inhibit serotonin reuptake

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8
Q

What do migraine medications do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Stimulate serotonin receptors. Agonist

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9
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A drug that blocks or decreases the effect of a NT

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10
Q

What do MAO inhibitors do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Interfere with the breakdown of monoamines including serotonin. Agonist

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11
Q

LOOK AT THE TWO CHARTS AT END OF NOTES

A

LOOK AT THE TWO CHARTS AT END OF NOTES

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12
Q

What do organophostaphates do?

A

They interfere with the enzyme AChE. Involved in enzyme degradation in the synapse

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13
Q

When the ligand fits perfectly with the receptor

A

High affinity

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14
Q

Any substance that alters the body or its functions

A

Drug

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15
Q

What does an increase in tryptophan from food do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Increases serotonin production. Agonist

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16
Q

What do agonists do to receptors?

A

They activate receptors

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17
Q

Strength of association between ligand and receptor. How well it binds to the receptor

A

Affinity

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18
Q

What does apomorphine do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors. Agonist

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19
Q

Therapeutic index (wide vs narrow)

A

Wide is safe and narrow is risky. The line where the dose changes from mostly positive to mostly negative effects

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20
Q

What does nicotine do? Is it an agonist or antagonist?

A

Stimulates ACh receptors. Agonist

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21
Q

Amount of drug required to produce a certain response. Indicates power

A

Potency

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22
Q

Where do drugs act presynaptically?

A

NT production, NT storage, and NT release

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23
Q

What do drugs that treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Block serotonin receptors. Antagonist

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24
Q

What may apomorphine be able to help treat?

A

Parkinson’s disease. Not currently approved for treatment, however.

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25
Q

Drugs that block the synaptic activity by occupying a binding site different from the NT on a receptor

A

Competitive or non-competitive antagonists

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26
Q

Property of a drug that determines its ability to produce its biological effect. How much response we are getting

27
Q

Example of a drug affecting NT storage

A

Reserpine (used to treat mild to moderate hypertension) affecting storage of norepinephrine. Presynaptic

28
Q

What is ED50?

A

The effective dose where you get 50% of the desired response

29
Q

What do competitive antagonists do?

A

They bind to the site where a NT would bind and block it from binding with the receptor. The channel stays closed

30
Q

How do drugs affect NT storage?

A

They interfere with the storage of a NT in vesicles within a neuron. Presynaptic

31
Q

What are some things the body does with drugs?

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

32
Q

When the ligand fits with the receptor, but not perfectly

A

Medium affinity

33
Q

What do drugs do to affect postsynaptic receptors?

A

Mimic the action of a NT at the site (agonist), block the synaptic activity by occupying a blinding site (competitive or non-competitive antagonist), and influence the activity of the receptor

34
Q

Example of a drug affecting NT release

A

Botox. Presynaptic

35
Q

What is the ceiling effect?

A

When the response to the drug levels out because the receptors are saturated

36
Q

What does dietary choline do? Is it an agonist or antagonist?

A

Increases the production of ACh. Agonist

37
Q

What is EC50?

A

The effective concentration where you get 50% of the desired response

38
Q

What does curare do? Is it an agonist or antagonist?

A

It blocks ACh receptors. Antagonist

39
Q

Drugs actions/effects and relationship in the removal from a synapse

A

Reuptake effects, enzymatic degradation, deactivation of NTs

40
Q

What are the mechanisms for drug addiction?

A

By stage of NT life cycle, by interaction at specific NT synapse, prescribed medication, psychoactive drugs

41
Q

How do agonists work?

A

They activate receptors and act as NTs. They block reuptake or enzymatic degradation

42
Q

What do organophosphates do?Are they agonists or antagonists?

A

Block the action of acetylcholinesterase. Agonist

43
Q

What does black widow venom do? Is it an agonist or antagonist?

A

Promotes ACh release. Agonist

44
Q

How do drugs affect NT production?

A

They manipulate the synthesis of a NT to affect the amount available for release. Presynaptic

45
Q

How do antagonists work?

A

They block receptors without activating them. They decrease the availability of NTs by reducing production of release

46
Q

What the body does to drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

47
Q

When the ligand doesn’t really fit with the receptor

A

Low affinity

48
Q

What does botulin toxin do? Is it an agonist or antagonist?

A

It blocks the release of ACh. Antagonist

49
Q

How do drugs affect NT release?

A

They can modify the release of a NT in response to the arrival of an action potential. Presynaptic

50
Q

Is it easier for drugs to create more or less of a NT?

A

Easier to make it less than more. Presynaptic

51
Q

What drugs are involved in reuptake effects?

A

Cocaine, amphetamine, and Ritalin inhibit dopamine reuptake.

SSRIs (Prozac) inhibit serotonin reputake

52
Q

What does MDMA (ecstasy) do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Increases serotonin release. Agonist

53
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A drug that mimics or enhances the effect of a NT

54
Q

Drugs that mimic the action of a NT at their binding site on a receptor

55
Q

Where do drugs act postsynaptically?

A

They affect postsynaptic receptors

56
Q

What do amphetamines do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Increase the release of dopamine. Agonist

57
Q

Relationship between concentrations of drug and biological effects. What drugs do to the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

58
Q

What do most traditional schizophrenia medicines do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Block dopamine receptors. Antagonist

59
Q

What do antagonists do to receptors?

A

They block receptors without activating them

60
Q

What do partial agonists do?

A

They mimic NTs but aren’t as good as a NT. Like opening a gate or channel but for not as long

61
Q

Is it easier to make drugs influence glial cells or NTs?

62
Q

What do full agonists do?

A

They mimic NTs and provide a response that is just as good as NTs

63
Q

What does reserpine do? Agonist or antagonist?

A

Interferes with storage of dopamine and serotonin. Antagonist

Psych 3313 (24 decks)

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