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Psych 3313 > Learning > Flashcards

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1
Q

What long term synaptic changes occur in habituation?

A

Less presynaptic terminals of sensory neurons

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2
Q

Increase likelihood of behavior

A

Reinforcement

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3
Q

What is the purpose of habituation?

A

Allow the organism to ignore old or non-important cues and focus on learning new or important info

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4
Q

In fear conditioning, where does info about the CS and UCS converge?

A

Lateral nucleus of the amygdala

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5
Q

Learned reaction to a CS. Sam effect as UCR

A

Conditioned response

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6
Q

Three categories of responses to environment

A

Reflexes, instincts, and learning

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7
Q

What are habituation and sensitization both focused around?

A

Repetition of stimuli

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8
Q

How does the brain get information about UCSs?

A

Climbing fibers from the inferior olive (auditory pathway) of the medulla synapse on Purkinje fibers

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9
Q

How does learning occur in classical conditioning?

A

If the climbing fiber (UCS) and parallel fiber (CS) synapses onto a purkinje cell are activated at the same time

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10
Q

Is reinforcement or punishment more effective?

A

Reinforcement

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11
Q

What supports the amygdala’s role in fear conditioning?

A

Lesion, recording (more activity in fear conditioning), and application of NMDA antagonist (block and the fear response goes away)

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12
Q

What happens if you lesion the hippocampus of an animal after they have already gone through a water maze?

A

It is like they have never gone through the maze before and it is their first time

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13
Q

DIAGRAM ON PAGE 23

A

DIAGRAM ON PAGE 23

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14
Q

Why was eyeblink classical conditioned studied in rabbits?

A

They have a nictitating membrane which is an extra membrane on the eyes that acts like a second eyelid

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15
Q

What part of the brain provides information about CSs and how does it communicate the info?

A

Cerebellar granule cells. Receive input via mossy fibers from the pons and communicate with the purkinje cells via parallel fibers

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16
Q

What is the purpose of sensitization?

A

Allow the organism to focus on dangerous, irritating, or annoying stimuli. Inc response in hopes of it going away

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17
Q

Consequences of a behavior shape future performance

A

Operant conditioning

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18
Q

What can reinforcement and punishment both be?

A

Positive (add something) or negative (take something away)

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19
Q

Unlearned reaction to a UCS

A

Unconditioned response

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20
Q

Neuronal activity to reflexes

A

Single stimulus causes sensory neuron to release NT which causes motor neuron to release NT which causes a reaction

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21
Q

Where do the cerebellar granule cells receive info from and pass it to and how?

A

Receive input via mossy fibers from the pons and communicate with the purkinje cells via parallel fibers

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22
Q

Three tests of spatial learning

A

Mazes, water mazes, and food caching

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23
Q

What part of the brain is involved in classical conditioning? Involved in learning and movement

A

Cerebellum

24
Q

Grid cells. “Whats the environment”

A

Entorhinal cortex

25
Q

What area of the brain is needed for learning to occur that was found in rabbits?

A

Interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum

26
Q

Change in magnitude of response to environmental events. Habituation and sensitization

A

Non-associative learning

27
Q

Difference between habituation and sensory adaptation

A

Habituation: Decrease the response

Sensory adaptation: Decreasing perception

28
Q

Experience of one strong stimulus heightens the behavioral response to subsequent stimuli

A

Sensitization

29
Q

Initially neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to signal important biological events. Learned cause

A

Conditioned stimulus

30
Q

What happens at synapses in habituation and why?

A

Reduced activity at synapse between sensory and motor neurons; they reduce less NTs. It is a direct result of decreased glutamate release

31
Q

What does trace conditioning require?

A

Participation of forebrain areas and conscious, declarative processes

32
Q

What type of learning is dependent on the hippocampal formation?

A

Spatial learning

33
Q

What happens at synapses in sensitization and why?

A

Serotonin releases (from interneuron) promotes enhanced glutamate release (from sensory neuron). More NT is released

34
Q

What are long term habituation and long term sensitization related to?

A

CREB protein which plays an active role in memory formation across the animal kingdom

35
Q

Fear conditioning pathway

A

CS and UCS to lateral amygdala to response selection network to output areas including central nucleus to behavior including freezing, approach, avoidance, fighting, escape, reward seeking

36
Q

What 3 areas combine to help an animal navigate?

A

Hippocampus, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex

37
Q

The CS overlaps the UCS; there is no stimulus free interval

A

Delay conditioning

38
Q

Event that elicits response without prior experience

A

Unconditioned stimulus

39
Q

What long term synaptic changes occur in sensitization?

A

More presynaptic terminals of sensory neurons, more dendrites on motor neurons

40
Q

What is disinhibition?

A

When the climbing fiber (UCS) and parallel fiber (CS) synapses onto a purkinje cell are activated at the same time

41
Q

Decrease in strength of occurrence of behavioral response after repeated exposure to stimulus

A

Habituation

42
Q

Place cells. “Where am I”

A

Hippocampus

43
Q

What do purkinje cells do in classical conditioning?

A

They synapse on output cells in the interpositus nucleus and send stopping signals which mean go

44
Q

What happens to the lateral interpositus nucleus in classical conditioning?

A

It becomes disinhibited, allowing increased response to a CS alone

45
Q

Decreases likelihood of behavior

A

Punishment

46
Q

Connection between two elements or events. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning

A

Associative learning

47
Q

How does age relate to classical conditioning and why?

A

Young people or animals learn classical conditioning faster. Age-related shrinkage of the cerebellum predicts time needed to learn a classically conditioned response

48
Q

What does the red nucleus do?

A

Projects to facial and abducens nuclei controlling reflexive eyeblink

49
Q

Is trace or delay conditioning easier and why?

A

Delay is easier because there is no stimulus free period; there is no delay between the CS and UCS

50
Q

The CS and the UCS do not overlap; a stimulus free interval occurs

A

Trace conditioning

51
Q

What happens to purkinje cells in classical conditioning?

A

They become less responsive to glutamate and show long term depression (type of plasticity)

52
Q

Direction cells. “Where am I going”

A

Subiculum

53
Q

What does an NMDA antagonist do?

A

Causes the fear response to go away

54
Q

What is the lateral interpositus nucleus important for?

A

Learning eyeblink conditioning

55
Q

What happens in the sham control and cortical control in a water maze?

A

They solve the maze quickly based on previous experience

56
Q

What initiates a conditioned fear response and how?

A

The central nucleus of the amygdala by contacting output areas in the hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray

Psych 3313 (24 decks)

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