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Psych 3313 > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reticular formation associated with?

A

Consciousness, arousal, attention, movement, and pain

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2
Q

Controls speed, intensity, coordination, direction of complex voluntary movements, speech, gives us smoothness and gracefulness to our movements, and balance

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

Problems with this area result in too little movement or too much movement like in Parkinson’s

A

Basal ganglia

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4
Q

Having blindsight when this area is damaged

A

Occipital lobe

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5
Q

Postcentral gyrus. Part of parietal lobe responsible for touch sensory input

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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6
Q

What do homunculus’ represent?

A

Different parts of the body have different amounts of brain space for sensory and motor

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7
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe

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8
Q

What does the reticular formation do?

A

Stimulates forebrain

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9
Q

This area is the origin of photosensitive epilepsy

A

Occipital lobe

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10
Q

Separates the precentral and post central gyri

A

Central sulcus

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11
Q

Why is the brain wrinkly?

A

Increase surface area

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12
Q

Associated with motor control and reward

A

Basal ganglia

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13
Q

Lowered areas of the brain

A

Sulci

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14
Q

Receives sensory info and regulatory info

A

Thalamus

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15
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

Vital processes necessary for life including breathing, HR and BP

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16
Q

Visual gaze of auditory stimuli. Midbrain

A

Superior colliculus

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17
Q

Plays a role in different stages of sleep and decides if we should wake up or not

A

Thalamus

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18
Q

Part of the hypothalamus, memory. Limbic

A

Mammillary bodies

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19
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Temporal lobe

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20
Q

What path does smell take that is different than other senses

A

It goes to the cortex then the thalamus

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21
Q

Impulse control and delayed gratification (waiting for a reward)

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

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22
Q

Where is the periaqueductal gray

A

Near the area where the CSF would flow through

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23
Q

Executive functions like attention, working memory, and goal directed behavior

A

Dorsolateral PFC

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24
Q

What is cerebellar agenesis?

A

Never growing a cerebellum. The gap is filled with CSF

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25
Q

Spatial info processing and stress feedback

A

Hippocampus

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26
Q

Plays key roles in threat detection, fear, excitement, and arousal by sending messages to other areas

A

Amygdala

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27
Q

Gateway to the cortex or sensory switchboard

A

Thalamus

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28
Q

This area is juxtaposed to the somatosensory cortex

A

Motor cortex

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29
Q

Declarative memory formation and stress. Limbic

A

Hippocampus

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30
Q

What makes up the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla

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31
Q

Plays a role in implicit procedural memories (muscle memory is linked)

A

Basal ganglia

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32
Q

Reward. Limbic

A

Septal area

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33
Q

What makes up the forebrain?

A

Diencephalon and telencephalon

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34
Q

Responding emotionally to bad choices. If damaged, people won’t care if they make a terrible choice

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

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35
Q

What are results of damage to the cerebellum?

A

Movement/balance/coordination problems, speech problems, subtle effects on cognition, possibly autism spectrum disorder

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36
Q

Eye movements, spatial orientation, and memory. Limbic

A

Posterior cingulate gyrus

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37
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Post central gyrus of parietal lobe

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38
Q

Sensory processing, motor commands, higher brain functions

A

Cerebral cortex

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39
Q

Participates in states of consciousness, learning and memory

A

Thalamus

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40
Q

The regulatory center responsible for maintaining a constant internal state (homeostasis)

A

Hypothalamus

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41
Q

What does chordate mean?

A

It has a backbone and will have a true brain

42
Q

Bridge that connects the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum

43
Q

Decision making, knowing you made a mistake, emotion, looking forward to reward, physical and social pain

A

Anterior cingulate cortex

44
Q

Visual and auditory association areas

A

Temporal lobe

45
Q

Raised areas of the brain

46
Q

This area of the brain controls the pituitary gland through hormones

A

Hypothalamus

47
Q

Olfaction (smell). Limbic

A

Olfactory bulbs

48
Q

What inputs does the cerebellum receive from the spinal cord?

A

Current location of body

49
Q

What is the pons involved in?

A

audition, balance, sleep, excitatory arousal (general excitatory state), motion sickness

50
Q

Movement control diseases associated with the basal ganglia

A

Huntington’s and Parkinson’s

51
Q

When does unilateral neglect occur?

A

Parietal lobe damage almost always on the right parietal lobe

52
Q

Why can the hippocampus be widely studied?

A

Its structure is similar in many species

53
Q

Group of subcortical structures in the forebrain that help to control/filter movement

A

Basal ganglia

54
Q

What area is damaged in Wenickes aphasia?

A

Temporal lobe

55
Q

Fear, aggression, memory, motivation.Limbic

56
Q

Natural pain management, highest concentration of endorphin receptors. Midbrain

A

Periaqueductal gray

57
Q

Located at the top and sides of the frontal lobes

A

Dorsolateral PFC

58
Q

Memory. Limbic

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

59
Q

Netlike mixture of neurons and nerve fibers throughout the medulla and pons

A

Reticular formation (reticular activating system)

60
Q

This area of the midbrain is reduced in Parkinson’s

A

Substantia nigra

61
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A

Myelencephalon and metencephalon

62
Q

Precentral gyrus. Part of the frontal lobe responsible for initiating voluntary body movement

A

Primary motor cortex

63
Q

Located above and behind the eyes in frontal lobe

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

64
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

65
Q

Dopamine releasing are, motor output pathway. Midbrain

A

Substantia nigra

66
Q

What makes up the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

67
Q

Decision making, error detection, emotion, anticipation of reward, pain and empathy. Limbic

A

Anterior cingulate cortex

68
Q

What is unilateral neglect?

A

Parietal lobe damage that causes you to only be able to have left or right side when viewing things

69
Q

What makes up the metencephalon?

A

Pons and cerebellum

70
Q

Wernickes area

A

Temporal lobe. Able to understand language but not produce comprehensible language

71
Q

Outermost part of the forebrain in two hemispheres

A

Cerebral cortex

72
Q

What NT releasing centers are in the pons?

A

Raphe nuclei (serotonin) and locus coeruleus (NE)

73
Q

What is the goal of the human connectome?

A

To answer how an individual brain is connected and map the connections at many different scales

74
Q

Located at the ends of the hippocampus. Will be focused on in emotions, stress, and anxiety

75
Q

What is contained in the medulla and many other structures?

A

Reticular formation

76
Q

Eye movements, spatial orientation, memory, consciousness

A

Posterior cingulate cortex

77
Q

Much of the limbic system is here

A

Temporal lobe

78
Q

Most rostral/anterior part of the cerebral cortex

A

Frontal lobe

79
Q

Four parts of the midbrain

A

Periaqueductal gray, red nucleus, substansia nigra, and superior and inferior colliculi

80
Q

How do neurons and brain regions function?

A

They are part of circuits that influence behaviors, they don’t act in isolation

81
Q

Roles in motor function, language, memory, many executive functions like planning, responsible choices, etc.

A

Frontal lobe

82
Q

Many reciprocal connections with limbic system, basal ganglia, and other parts of the cortex

A

Dorsolateral PFC

83
Q

Motor output pathway important for eye blinking. Midbrain

A

Red nucleus

84
Q

Where are gray and white matter in the cerebral cortex

A

Gray is superficial and white is deep

85
Q

Cognitive control diseases associated with the basal ganglia

A

ADHD and OCD

86
Q

Regulates eating, drinking, sex, biorhythms (circadian, sleep/wake), temperature control

A

Hypothalamus

87
Q

Localization of auditory stimuli. Midbrain

A

Inferior colliculus

88
Q

What inputs does the cerebellum receive from the cerebral cortex (pons)?

A

Intended movements. Implements motor plan and corrects as needed (error detector)

89
Q

How many layers of the cortex are there?

90
Q

What is EQ ratio?

A

Brain size to body size. Humans have the best

91
Q

What makes up the telencephalon?

A

Subcortical structures and cerebral cortex

92
Q

Contains motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, oribitofrontal, and Brocas area

A

Frontal lobe

93
Q

Association cortex

A

Dorsal parietal lobe

94
Q

This area of the brain directs the autonomic nervous system

A

Hypothalamus

95
Q

What is blindsight

A

Not being able to see but you can still tell if something is light or dark

96
Q

Specialized for skin senses and senses that inform us about body position and movement. Spatial perception

A

Parietal lobe

97
Q

Aggression, regulation of hunger, thirst, sex, temp, circadian rhythms, hormones. Limbic

A

Hypothalamus

98
Q

The junction between the spinal cord and the brain

99
Q

New declarative memory formation (the things we know we know)

A

Hippocampus

100
Q

Large sulcus, often an anatomical landmark

101
Q

Connects the hippocampus to mammillary bodies and other parts of the brain. Limbic

102
Q

This area of the frontal lobe is associated with schizophrenia

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Psych 3313 (24 decks)

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