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Qualifying Exams > Research Methods Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Research Methods Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A summary of what is in an article; a brief description of the essential characteristics of the study

A

Abstract

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2
Q

applied research focused on solving practitioners’ local problems

A

Action research

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3
Q

research focused on answering practical questions to provide relatively immediate solutions

A

Applied research

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4
Q

research aimed at generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding about basic human and other natural processes

A

Basic research

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5
Q

a top-down or theory-testing approach to research

A

Confirmatory method

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6
Q

the property that statements and theories should be testable and refutable

A

Criterion of falsifiability

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7
Q

the process of drawing a conclusion that is necessarily true if the premises are true

A

Deductive reasoning

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8
Q

attempting to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon

A

Description

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9
Q

a statement based on observation, experiment, or experience

A

Empirical statement

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10
Q

the idea that knowledge comes from experience

A

Empiricism

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11
Q

the theory of knowledge and its justification; the branch of philosophy dealing with knowledge and its justification

A

Epistemology

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12
Q

determining the worth, merit, or quality of an evaluation object

A

Evaluation

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13
Q

attempting to show how and why a phenomenon operates as it does

A

Explanation

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14
Q

attempting to generate ideas about phenomena

A

Exploration

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15
Q

a bottom-up or theory-generation approach to research

A

Exploratory method

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16
Q

evaluation focused on improving the evaluation object

A

Formative evaluation

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17
Q

a prediction or educated guess; the formal statement of the researcher’s prediction of the relationship that exists among the variables under investigation

A

Hypothesis

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18
Q

the process of drawing a conclusion that is “probably” true

A

Inductive reasoning

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19
Q

Five Areas of Research

A

Basic research, applied research, action research, evaluation research, and orientation research

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20
Q

Why is it important that both basic and applied research be done?

A

Basic research helps provide a solid foundation of reliable knowledge on which future research can be built, and applied research helps answer “real world” or practical questions. Basic and applied research inform each other. Obviously, both of these are important.

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21
Q

The collection and analysis of information on the world of education so as to understand it and explain it better.

A

Educational research

22
Q

First coined the phrase action research

A

Kurt Lewin

23
Q

AERA

A

American Educational Research Association

24
Q

What is the difference between formative and summative evaluation?

A

Formative evaluation is used for the purpose of improving an evaluation object. Summative evaluation is used for the purpose of making judgments about the overall effectiveness of an evaluation object and determining whether a program should be continued.

25
Q

Evaluation: Is there a need for this type of program?

A

Needs Assessment

26
Q

Evaluation: Is this program conceptualized in a way that it should work?

A

Theory Assessment

27
Q

Evaluation: Was this program implemented properly and according to the program plan?

A

Implementation assessment

28
Q

Evaluation: Did this program have an impact on its intended targets?

A

Impact assessment

29
Q

Evaluation: Is this program cost effective?

A

Efficiency assessment

30
Q

What are the different sources of knowledge? Which ones are especially important for educational researchers?

A

(a) Experience (i.e., empiricism)
(b) Expert opinion
(c) Reasoning (i.e., rationalism)
Educational researchers use a mixture of both empiricism and rationalism. Empiricism involves collecting data and learning from the data, and rationalism involves reasoning and thinking about the concepts and the results and developing theories to organize one’s explanations.

31
Q

What is the key difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?

A

Inductive reasoning is results in conclusions that are “probably” true. Deductive reasoning provides conclusions that are necessarily true IF the premises are true

32
Q

attempting to apply research to make certain outcomes occur

A

Influence

33
Q

research explicitly done for the purpose of advancing an ideological position or orientation

A

Orientational research

34
Q

attempting to predict or forecast a phenomenon

A

Prediction

35
Q

the philosophical idea that empirical research provides evidence, not proof

A

Principle of evidence

36
Q

stating what is likely to occur, not what will necessarily occur

A

Probabilistic

37
Q

the future might not resemble the past

A

Problem of induction

38
Q

individual-level factors or variables

A

Psychological factors

39
Q

Orientational research is typically called ______

A

Critical theory research

40
Q

a researcher who focuses on exploration, description, and understanding of subjective meanings and sometimes the generation and construction of theories using qualitative data

A

Qualitative researcher

41
Q

a researcher who focuses on testing theories and hypotheses using quantitative data to see if they are confirmed or not

A

Quantitative researcher

42
Q

the philosophical idea that reason is the primary source of knowledge

A

Rationalism

43
Q

research examining the same variables with different people

A

Replication

44
Q

a set of published research studies on a particular topic

A

Research literature

45
Q

preferring the most simple theory that works

A

Rule of parsimony

46
Q

an approach for the generation of knowledge

A

Science

47
Q

factors relating individuals to other individuals and to social groups

A

Social psychological factors

48
Q

group- and society-level factors

A

Sociological factors

49
Q

Five Major Objectives of Educational Research

A 
Exploration.
Description. 
Explanation. 
Prediction. 
Influence.
50
Q

evaluation focused on determining the overall effectiveness and usefulness of the evaluation object

A

Summative evaluation

51
Q

an explanation or explanatory system that discusses how a phenomenon operates and why it operates as it does

A

Theory

Qualifying Exams (22 decks)

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