Chapter 12, 13, 14 Research Methods

Question 1

Manipulating the independent variable by giving the various comparison groups different amounts of the independent variable

Answer 1

Amount Technique

Question 2

A control method that can be used to statistically equate groups that differ on a pretest or some other variable; used to examine the relationship between one categorical independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable, controlling for one or more extraneous variables (also called ANCOVA)

Answer 2

Analysis of Covariance

Question 3

Each participant receives only one level of the independent variable

Answer 3

Between-Subjects Independent Variable

Question 4

A sequencing effect that occurs when performance in one treatment condition is influenced by participation in a prior treatment condition(s)

Answer 4

Carryover Effect

Question 5

A combination of two or more independent variables in a factorial design

Answer 5

Cell

Question 6

Attending to temporal, place, and relational aspects of reality

Answer 6

Being in the Midst

Question 7

A control method that can be used to statistically equate groups that differ on a pretest or some other variable; used to examine the relationship between one categorical independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable, controlling for one or more extraneous variables (also called ANCOVA)

Answer 7

Analysis of Covariance

Question 8

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment condition`

Answer 8

Control Group

Question 9

Administering all experimental treatment conditions to all participants but in different orders; it is used with within-subjects independent variables

Answer 9

Counterbalancing

Question 10

A bounded system

Answer 10

case

Question 11

When the influence of an extraneous variable is different for the various comparison groups

Answer 11

Differential Influence

Question 12

A form of qualitative research that is focused on providing a detailed account of the characteristics and dynamics present in one or more cases

Answer 12

Case Study Research

Question 13

An interaction effect that occurs when the lines on a graph plotting the effect cross

Answer 13

Disordinal Interaction Effect

Question 14

Studying multiple cases in one research study

Answer 14

Collective Case Study

Question 15

A form of explanatory research in which the researcher hypothesizes a causal model and then empirically tests the model

Answer 15

Causal Modelling

Question 16

Searching for similarities and differences across multiple cases; contrasted with within-case analysis

Answer 16

Cross-Case Analysis

Question 17

Any group of people with a common classification or characteristic

Answer 17

Cohort

Question 18

A design in which neither the researcher nor the participant knows the specific condition (experimental or control) that the participant is in

Answer 18

Double-Blind Procedure

Question 19

The inquiry space created between researchers and participants during conduct of the research

Answer 19

Field

Question 20

The term narrative inquirers use for data

Answer 20

Field Texts

Question 21

Data are collected at a single point in time

Answer 21

Cross-Sectional Research

Question 22

Final representations of a narrative inquiry, such as books and articles, dissertations, theses, and presentations for academic and nonacademic audiences, that are made public for a wider audience

Answer 22

Final Research Texts

Question 23

Experimenter’s goal of constructing comparison groups that are similar on all confounding extraneous variables and different only on the independent variable

Answer 23

Equating the Comparison Groups

Question 24

An environment in which the researcher attempts to objectively observe phenomena that are made to occur in a strictly controlled situation in which one or more variables are varied and the others are kept constant

Answer 24

Experiment

Question 25

Interest is in understanding something more general than the particular case

Answer 25

Instrumental Case Study

Question 26

Eliminating any differential influence of extraneous variables

Answer 26

Experimental Control

Question 27

Experimental Group

Answer 27

The group that receives the experimental treatment condition

Question 28

A design in which two or more independent variables, at least one of which is manipulated, are simultaneously studied to determine their independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable

Answer 28

Factorial Design

Question 29

A factorial design in which different participants are randomly assigned to the different levels of one independent variable, but all participants take all levels of another independent variable

Answer 29

Factorial Design Based on a Mixed Model

Question 30

An experimental study that is conducted in a real-life setting

Answer 30

Field Experiment

Question 31

When the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable varies across or depends on the level of another independent variable

Answer 31

Interaction Effect

Question 32

An experimental study that is conducted over the Internet

Answer 32

Internet Experiment

Question 33

A study conducted in a controlled environment where one or more variables are precisely manipulated and all or nearly all extraneous variables are controlled

Answer 33

Laboratory Experiment

Question 34

The effect of one independent variable

Answer 34

Main Effect

Question 35

The mean of scores in the cells of a column or a row

Answer 35

Marginal Mean

Question 36

Equating the comparison groups on one or more variables that are correlated with the dependent variable

Answer 36

Matching

Question 37

Administering a posttest to a single group of participants after they have been given an experimental treatment condition

Answer 37

One-Group Posttest-Only Design

Question 38

Administering a posttest to a single group of participants after they have been pretested and given an experimental treatment condition

Answer 38

One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

Question 39

A sequencing effect that occurs from the order in which the treatment conditions are administered

Answer 39

Order Effect

Question 40

An interaction effect that occurs when the lines on a graph plotting the effect do not cross

Answer 40

Ordinal Interaction Effect

Question 41

Administering a posttest to two randomly assigned groups of participants after one group has been administered the experimental treatment condition

Answer 41

Posttest-Only Control-Group Design

Question 42

Comparing the posttest performance of a group of participants who have been given an experimental treatment condition with that of a group that has not been given the experimental treatment condition

Answer 42

Posttest-Only Design with Nonequivalent Groups

Question 43

Manipulating the independent variable by presenting one group the treatment condition and withholding it from the other group

Answer 43

Presence or Absence Technique

Question 44

A research design that administers a posttest to two randomly assigned groups of participants after both have been pretested and one of the groups has been administered the experimental treatment condition

Answer 44

Pretest-Posttest Control-Group Design

Question 45

An experimental research design that does not provide for full control of potential confounding variables primarily because it does not randomly assign participants to comparison groups; it is superior to a weak but inferior to a strong experimental design

Answer 45

Quasi-Experimental Design

Question 46

A procedure that makes assignments to conditions on the basis of chance and in this way maximizes the probability that the comparison groups will be equated on all extraneous variables; randomly assigning a set of people to different groups

Answer 46

Random Assignment

Question 47

A popular term for experimental designs with random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups and, if possible, the use of double-blind procedures

Answer 47

RCT

Question 48

A design in which all participants participate in all experimental treatment conditions

Answer 48

Repeated-Measures Design

Question 49

The outline, plan, or strategy that is used to answer a research question

Answer 49

Research Design

Question 50

Biasing effects that can occur when each participant must participate in each experimental treatment condition

Answer 50

Sequencing Effects

Question 51

Design in which the participant does not know the specific condition he or she is in

Answer 51

Single Blind Procedure

Question 52

Manipulating the independent variable by varying the type of condition presented to the different comparison groups

Answer 52

Type Technique

Question 53

All participants receive all levels of the independent variable

Answer 53

Within-Subjects Independent Variable