Performance Improvement 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Who is the founder of performance technology?
A
Thomas Gilbert
2
Q
The model that focuses on environmental support and employees repertory of behavior
A
Behavior Engineering Model
3
Q
HPT
A
Human Performance Technology
4
Q
PI
A
Performance Improvement
5
Q
PT
A
Performance Technology
6
Q
HPI
A
Human Performance Improvement
7
Q
___ implies a focus on using a set of methods and procedures to improve the work, worker, workplace, and or/world
A
Performance Technology
8
Q
___ and ___ imply a focus on improving people/worker performance
A
Human Performance Improvement and Human Performance Technology
9
Q
Human performance technology has two major drivers: ___ and ___
A
Evaluation and change
10
Q
____ is both the process of improving performance and the actual positive results of that performance
A
Performance Improvement
11
Q
_____ is the practitioner who actually leads and conducts the improvement effort
A
Performance Consultant
12
Q
_____is the process, tools, or techniques used to accomplish the improvement
A
Performance Technology
13
Q
_____are the processes, methods, and/or plans designed, developed, and implemented to improve performance.
A
Performance Improvement Interventions
14
Q
Performance improvement involves ….
A
a people-oriented focus, positive outlook, future orientation, and a multidimensional approach.
15
Q
Predicting behavior is the focus of this theoretical foundation
A
Behaviorism
16
Q
Theoretical contribution: small steps of instruction; learn to manipulate and control environment by the individual’s response to it.
A
Behaviorism
17
Q
TF’s Focus: Data as basis for understanding behavior
A
Diagnostic and Analytical Systems
18
Q
TF’s Contribution: 1). practitioner’s use comprehensive analytical tools; 2). diagnosis is based on gap 3). Causes of situation are defined before intervention is selected.
A
Diagnostic and Analytical Systems
19
Q
Difference between desired and actual situation
A
Gap
20
Q
TF’s Focus: ADDIE model
A
Instructional Systems Design and Organizational Learning
21
Q
TF’s Contributions: Developed in the 40’s and 50’s to train military members; various instructional methods were found to be valuable.
A
Instruction Systems Design and Organizational Learning.
22
Q
Changing performance at organizational and individual levels
A
Organization Design and Change Management
23
Q
1). Improves culture, group dynamics, and structure of organizations 2). helps individuals adapt to change through timely information, appropriate resources, and strategies to minimize resistance and turmoil that accompanies change 3)systems dynamics, human motivation, group and team dynamics, competency modeling, organizational learning systems, and feedback systems
A
Organizational Design and Change Management
24
Q
Determining the value and impact of interventions
A
Evaluation
25
Produces credibility that practitioners need
Real costs against real savings attained by organizations, return on investment.
Evaluation
26
Dividing "thinkers" and "doers" and analyzing and describing jobs and tasks
Management Sciences
27
Theories led to standardized production system
Emphasis evolved to physical and psychological issues, such as motivation, job satisfaction, professional growth, and empowerment
Management Sciences
28
Field of Chris Argyns?
Action Science
29
Who's focus was reflection and inquiry on the reasoning that underlie's people's actions?
Chris Argyns
30
Who developed concepts of learning organization, double loop learning, and feedback systems?
Chris Argyns
31
Who coined the term "skilled competencies?"
Chris Argyns
32
What explains how defensive behavior and the fear of collective inquiry by management may protect us from threat or embarrassment but also may block learning?
Skilled competencies
33
Who pioneered team building with upper management?
Chris Argyns
34
Field of Benjamin Bloom
Educational Technology
35
Whose focus was on the hierarchical taxonomy of intellectual or cognitive objectives based on what learners are supposed to do?
Benjamin Bloom
36
Who suggested varying instruction according to learning requirements and difficulty of cognitive domain level?
Benjamin Bloom
37
Who revealed that instructional efforts were largely aimed at the bottom levels of the cognitive hierarchy?
Benjamin Bloom
38
Field of W. Edwards Deming?
Total Quality Management (TQM)
39
Who emphasized quality rather than production targets?
W. Edwards Deming.
40
Field of Peter Drucker?
Management Sciences
41
Field of Robert Gagne?
Instructional Systems Design
42
Field of Thomas Gilbert
Behavioral Engineering
43
Field of Joe Harless
Front End Analysis
44
Who established that businesses are human centers as well as economic centers? Work must have social meaning.
Peter Drucker
45
Who focused on task analysis and sequencing tasks?
Robert Gagne
46
Who founded the field of human performance technology?
Thomas Gilbert
47
Who focused on diagnosing problems early because problem cause often dictates solutions?
Joe Harless
48
Who coined the phrase "self-governing plant community," proposing that many managerial responsibilities should be undertaken by individual employees or work teams?
Peter Drucker
49
Who developed the "14 points" model of quality?
W. Edwards Deming
50
Who developed concepts of decentralized large organizations, management by objectives, and the role of the knowledge worker?
Peter Drucker
51
Who created information processing model and nine events of instruction?
Robert Gagne
52
Whose behavioral engineering model focuses on changing work environment aspects such as information resources, incentives, knowledge, capacity, and motives to improve performance?
Thomas Gilbert
53
Who coined the phrase "front-end" analysis to describe the rigorous diagnostic framework applied prior to addressing solutions?
Joe Harless
54
Who is a statistician who helped turn around the Japanese economy after WWII?
W. Edwards Deming
55
Who said that "learners need to receive feedback on individualized tasks in order to correct isolated problems?"
Robert Gagne
56
Who thought that HPT needs to deal with multiple rather than serial objectives?
Robert Gagne
57
Who stated that "absence of performance support (not skills and knowledge) is the greatest block to exemplary work performance?"
Thomas Gilbert
58
Who thought that HPI tools can reduce training expense considerably?
Joe Harless
59
The five types of learning (psychomotor skills, verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, and attitudes came from which person?
Robert Gagne
60
What are the five types of learning?
Psychomotor skills, verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, and attitudes
61
Robert Kaufman's field?
Strategic Planning
62
Donald Kirkpatrick's field
Evaluation
63
Malcolm Knowles' field?
Andragogy
64
Kurt Lewin's field?
Force Field Analysis
65
Robert Magner's field?
Instructional Objectives
66
Douglas McGregor's field?
Theory X and Theory Y
67
Susan Markle's field?
Programmed Instruction
68
Geary Rummler's field?
Three Levels of Organizational Performance
69
Peter Senge's field?
Learning Organization
70
B. F. Skinner's field
Behaviorism
71
Frederick Taylor's field?
Scientific Management
72
Sivasaliam Thiagi Thaigarajan's field?
Games and Playfulness
73
Donald Tosti's field?
Feedback
74
Marvin Weisbord's field?
Six Boxes
75
Who addressed mega (societal), macro (organizational), and micro (individual) levels?
Robert Kaufman
76
Who developed the four levels of evaluation criteria (reaction, learning, behavior, and results?
Donald Kirkpatrick
77
What are Donald Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation criteria?
Reaction, learning, behavior, and results.
78
Who established that adult learning needs to be lifelong and ideally should involve learning contracts?
Malcolm Knowles
79
Who used a force field to assess human behavior in terms of opposing forces (driving and restraining) that motivates action?
Kurt Lewin
80
Who thought that instructional objectives should describe what learners will be able to do and represent improved performance?
Robert Magner
81
Who thought that X management style is repressive, authoritarian, and fearful?
Douglas McGregor
82
Who developed the concept of programmed instruction following experiments with Skinner's teaching machine?
Susan Markle
83
Whose focus was on organization, process, and the individual job or performer?
Geary Rummler
84
What are the five critical practices for creating a learning organization?
1. Personal mastery 2. mental models 3. shared vision 4. Team Learning 5. Systems Thinking
85
NSPI
National Society for Programmed Instruction
86
ISPI
International Society for Performance Improvement
87
The basis of the field for performance improvement started where?
NSPI or ISPI
88
Who thought y managerial style is optimistic, creative, and interdependent?
Douglas McGregor
89
Behavior valued for its accomplishment
Worthy performance
90
BEM has been applied as what kind of model?
Cause analysis model
91
Who emphasized that performance improvement work impacts society and should impact society and that performance improvement should be planned astutely?
Roger Kaufman
92
Rummler's five components of performance systems
Job situation, performer, response, consequence, feedback
93
The occasion of the perfromance
Job situation
94
The worker
Performer
95
The action or decision
Response
96
A reward, punishment, or non-existent consequence
Consequence
97
Information about whether the response was adequate or inadequate
Feedback
98
managing the interrelationships between departments and processses
White space
99
CBI
critical business issues
100
CPI
critical process issues
101
CJI
Critical job issues
102
Who clarified the role of evaluation relative to performance improvement and training?
Donald Kirkpatrick
103
Who developed the Organizational Elements Model?
Kaufman
104
OEM?
Organizational Elements Model
105
OEM provides a practical framework for...
Planning, assessing needs, and evaluating.
106
Results and consequences external to client and society (Macro)
Outcomes
107
Results an organization can or does deliver outside of itself (macro)
Outputs
108
Building-block results that are produced within the organization (Micro)
Products
109
The ways, means, activities, procedures, and methods used internally
Processes
110
The human, physical, and financial resources an organization can and doesuse
Inputs
111
Established that adult learning needs to be lifelong and ideally should involve learning contracts
Malcolm Knowles
112
Who said that force field assess human behavior in terms of opposing forces (driving and restraining) that motivates action
Kurt Lewin
113
What the learner is supposed to be able to do
objectives
114
What the learner is able to do
performance
115
important circumstances under which the performance is expected to occur
Conditions
116
quality or level of performance to be considered acceptable
criterion
117
Refers to forms of progress that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Sustainability
118
Who coined the term triple bottom line?
Elington
119
People, planet, and profit
Triple bottom line
120
What three aspects of sustainability did Ellington focus on?
Environmental, social, and economic
121
Leader of positive psychology approach
Martin Seligman
122
Founder of appreciative inquiry
David Cooperrider
123
What is committed to human potential, motives, and capacities?
Positive psychology
124
What is the coevolutionary search for the best in people their organizations, and the relevant world around them?
Appreciative pschology
125
Who thought that performance improvement occurs when restraining forces are reduced?
Kurt Lewin
126
Participated management linked with Taylor's science thinking with democratic values?
Kurt Lewin
127
What are the three stages of organizational change?
Unfreezing old behavior, moving to the next level of behavior, refreezing new behavior
128
Who created the three stages of organizational chagne?
Kurt Lewin
129
Who that that instructional objectives should describe what learners will be able to do and represent improved perfomance?
Robert Mager
130
Who described objectives to accomplish desired instructional results using a branching format of programmed instruction?
Robert Mager
131
Who created performance analysis flowchart with Peter Pipe?
Robert Mager
132
Enables organizations to determine what will be needed for the future that would draw from past success
Dream phase
133
What are the four steps of appreciate inquiry?
Discovery, dream, design, and destiny
134
Posing positive questions to determine effective processes and results that have proven successful
Discovery phase
135
Determines how to bring successes forward to shape new products, services, and organizational structures
Design phase
136
Emphasizes successful practices that will be carried forward and stresses the need for research in order to accomplish desired new outcomes.
Destiny phase
137
Who developed metaphors for master and servant polarity?
Douglas McGregor
138
Who pioneered industrial relations?
Douglas McGregor
139
Who developed concept of programmed instruction following experiments with Skinner's teaching machine?
Susan Markle
140
Who developed the three levels of organizational performance?
Geary Rummler
141
Who developed the five critical practices for creating a learning organization?
Peter Senge
142
What are the five critical practices for creating a learning organization?
1. Personal mastery 2. Mental Models 3. Shared Vision 4. Team Learning 5. Systems Thinking
143
Who believed in small step instruction, followed by extensive feedback enhances learning?
B. F. Skinner
144
Who developed an integration of methods, policies, planning, and people?
Frederick Taylor
145
Who integrated playfulness, person-to-person interaction, and experiential learning?
Thiagi
146
Who thought that critical characteristics of feedback are tied to who gives it, the content, and where and when it is given?
Donald Tosti
147
Who developed an organizational diagnostic framework composed of six critical areas?
Weisbord
148
What are Weisboard's six critical areas?
Purpose, structure, leadership. relationships, rewards, helpful mechanisms
149
Who believed that there are three types of learning necessary for programmed instruction?
Susan Markle
150
What are the three types of learning necessary for programmed instruction?
Discrimination, generalizations, and chains
151
Who emphasized the importance of improved organization process, which he called "white" space?
Geary Rummler
152
Who pioneered systems oriented approach to achieving high performance?
Peter Senge
153
Whose behavioral theories were fundamental to performance improvement and instructional design?
B.F. Skinner
154
What are the scientific management principles of Frederick Taylor?
Authority based on knowledge instead of position, the first wage incentive system, breaking down tasks into smaller components, creation of a productivity expert.
155
Who elevated serious play, games, and fun as performance interventions?
Thiagi
156
Who specialized in applying human performance technology and performance improvement to organization change culture?
Donald Tosti
157
Whose organizational framework is widely used in organization development?
Marvin Weisbord
158
Whose programmed learning model combines ope rant conditioning, cognitive learning with information gathering?
Susan Markle and Phillip Tiemann
159
Who invented linear programming methodology?
B.F. Skinner
160
Who laid the foundation for the modern assembly line?
Frederick Taylor
161
Clarifying the outcomes expected and the measures that will indicate success
Results
162
Complexity and interconnectedness of situations
Systematic
163
Interventions should increase the worth of the situation for the internal organization or external client
Value added
164
Work with stakeholders, participants, and content experts using collaborative approaches to improve and enhance workplace performance
Partnership
165
What is the first phase in the HPT model?
Performance Analysis
166
What is the process of identifying the organization's performance requirements and comparing them to its objectives and capabilities?
Perfromance Analysis
167
What looks into the heart of the organization - its vision , mission, values, goals, strategies, and critical issues driving the need for change
Organizational Analysis
168
What identifies and prioritizes the realities that support actual performance?
Environmental Analysis
169
External considerations such as society, culture, and social responsibility
World
170
Internal considerations such as available resources, tools, and human resources policies
Workplace
171
Job design considerations such as workflow, ergonomic issues, stakeholders, and competition
Work
172
Personal considerations such as skill level, knowledge, motivation capacity and expectations
Worker
173
What's the final phase of the HPT model?
Cause Analysis
174
What are the four phases of the HPT model?
Performance Analysis, Organizational Analysis, Environmental Analysis Gap Analysis, Cause Analysis
175
Determines why the need or opportunity gap exist
Cause Analysis
176
What are the four performance drivers?
Motivation, skills and knowledge, proper tools and, environment, incentives
177
The process of looking at an organization to see which of the 4 performance drivers are working correctly and which ones aren't.
Performance Improvement
178
something that an organization does to fix a broken performance driver.
Intervention
179
Once an intervention has been created and implemented, we need to see how the intervention worked and determine if further analysis is needed.
Evaluation
180
What are the five fields of performance improvement?
A) Training .
B) Human Resources Management
C) Systems Theory
D) Psychology
E) Human Factors / Ergonomics
181
Determines the immediate reaction: knowledge, skill, and attitude change, plus initial application or adoption of the intervention(s)
Summative or Level 1
182
Focus on the effectiveness, efficiency, impact and value, including return on investment
Confirmative Evaluation
