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reproductive system Flashcards

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1
Q

function of the male reproductive system

A

-to produce and store sperm
-to discharge sperm into the female reproductive tract to fertilize the egg

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2
Q

parts of the male reproductive system

A

vas deferens, epididymis, penis, urethra, testes, prostate gland, bulbus glandis

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3
Q

function of the vas deferens

A

tubes that carry sperm away from the testes

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4
Q

function of the epididymis

A

where the sperm mature and stored prior to ejaculation

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5
Q

function of the penis

A

semen and urine pass through this structure

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6
Q

function of the urethra

A

carries sperm, semen and urine

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7
Q

function of the testes

A

where the sperm is produced

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8
Q

structure of the testes

A

made up of thousands of tiny tubes called seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

function of the prostate gland

A

this adds secretions to the sperm to form semen as it passes along the vas deferens, the secretions contain fructose and enzymes

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10
Q

function of the bulbus glandis

A

-erectile tissue structure on the penis of candid mammals
-during copulation the tissue becomes enlarged and locks the male to the female

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11
Q

function of the ovary

A

to make the egg, as well as produce the hormones oestrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

where is the ovary found

A

in the abdominal cavity below to the kidney

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13
Q

function of the oviduct (fallopian tube)

A

when an egg is released from the ovary, it passes down into the oviduct where fertilisation happens. The fertilised egg then travels down to the uterus, where it implants in the uterine wall lining and pregnancy is established

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14
Q

structure of the uterus

A

the uterus is divided into two uterine horns and a uterine body giving the uterus a Y shape. the shape of the uterine horns depends on the species of the animal.

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15
Q

function of the uterus

A

the uterus can stretch to accommodate the growing foetus, and then contract after the foetus has been expelled at birth. The fertilised egg implants in the thick muscular wall which has an excellent blood supply

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16
Q

structure and function of the cervix

A

the cervix is a thick circular thick muscular structure which is made up of smooth muscle tissue. It forms a sphincter (circular ring of muscle) which remains closed most of the time. It maintains a closed environment for the foetus to develop and prevents infection entering the uterus

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17
Q

structure of the vagina

A

this is shaped to receive the penis during mating. It produces an acidic mucus to kill bacteria and prevent infection

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18
Q

3 layers of the uterus, what are they

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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19
Q

purpose of the perimetrium

A

supports the shape of the uterus

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20
Q

what is the myometrium

A

the muscular layer which contracts

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21
Q

what is endometrium

A

where implantation occurs

22
Q

what is sexual maturity

A

when animal has reached an age where it produces gametes and is capable of reproducing

23
Q

how are female gametes produced

A

through the process of oogenesis

24
Q

how are male gametes produced

A

through spermatogenesis

25
Q

what does spermatogenesis mean

A

males can continuously produce sperm throughout their life

26
Q

what does polyoestrous mean

A

you can become fertile more than once per year

27
Q

what animals are polyoestrous

A

cattle,pigs,mice

28
Q

what does seasonally oestrous mean

A

have more than once oestrous cycle, but only during certain periods of the year

29
Q

what animals are seasonally oestrous

A

horses, sheep, goats,deer

30
Q

what does monoestrous mean

A

have one oestrous cycle every year

31
Q

what animals are monoestrous

A

foxes, dogs, wolves, bears

32
Q

what happens during pro-oestrous

A

follicle enlarges, decreases in progesterone levels lead to an increase in oestrogen

33
Q

what happens during oestrous

A

oestrogen increases along with LH and FSH, leading to ovulation

34
Q

what happens during meteoestrous

A

the corpus luteum starts to decay which increases progesterone levels. This inhibits oestrogen and the levels drop

35
Q

what happens during dioestrous

A

levels of progesterone peak

36
Q

what is prostaglandin

A

active hormone during the menstrual cycle

37
Q

what is the function of prostaglandin

A

causes muscle contraction in the uterus to expel the uterus lining

38
Q

what is progesterone secreted by

A

by the corpus lutenum

39
Q

when is progesterone secreted

A

during the second half of the menstrual cycle

40
Q

where is progesterone secreted

A

in the ovary

41
Q

what is the corpus lutenum

A

temporary structure in the ovary which develops from the ovarium follicle following ovulation

42
Q

functions of progesterone prior to implantation

A

-stimulates growth of vessels which supply the endometrium
-stimulates nutrients
-prepares the uterus lining

43
Q

functions of progesterone during pregnancy

A

-aids development of the foetus
-prevents lactation
-stimulates growth of maternal breast tissue
-strengthens pelvic wall muscles

44
Q

where is oxytocin released from

A

posterior pituitary gland

45
Q

when is oxytocin released

A

during parturition (birth)

46
Q

why is oxytocin released

A

in response to engagement of the foetus with the cervix

47
Q

what does oxytocin do during birth

A

stimulates and enhances the contractions of the uterus

48
Q

what does oxytocin do after birth

A

stimulates milk

49
Q

what does prostaglandin do

A

aids in the dilation of the cervix and uterine contractions

50
Q

what is prolactin released by

A

anterior pituitary gland

51
Q

what is the function of prolactin

A

initiate and maintain milk production

Biology (19 decks)

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