Cells and organelles

Question 1

Function of the nucleolus

Answer 1

important in the production of ribosomes

Question 2

Function of the nucleus

Answer 2

co-ordinates all the cell’s activities such as growth and reproduction cell division, and stores the cells DNA.

Question 3

Function of the centrioles

Answer 3

Two hollow cylinders arranged at right angles to each other to form the centrosomes. They are important in spindle formation during cell division

Question 4

Function of Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Contains all of the cell’s contents and many chemical reactions take place here

Question 5

Function of ribosomes

Answer 5

Making proteins

Question 6

Function of cell (plasma) membrane

Answer 6

Creates the outer boundry of the cell, and keeps it together. Controls entry and exit of materials from the cell

Question 7

Function of peroxisome

Answer 7

Carrying out oxidative reactions using molecular oxygen. Help to remove toxic waste

Question 8

Function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

Important in the production and storage of lipids and steroids

Question 9

Function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 9

Contains many ribosomes and stores proteins

Question 10

Function of Lysosome

Answer 10

Contains enzymes whose main role is digesting waste products and debris in the cell

Question 11

Function of Cilia

Answer 11

wave-like motion to move fluid over the cell’s surface. Also helps the cell to move

Question 12

Function of mitochondrion

Answer 12

Site of chemical respiration using oxygen. Produces energy necessary for the cells survival and function

Question 13

Function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

Works together with the ER, and is important in storing and packing molecules such as proteins and lipids in vesicles ready for transport

Question 14

2 main components of the plasma membrane

Answer 14

Phospholipid layer and channel/carrier proteins

Question 15

Function of the Phospholipids

Answer 15

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 16

Phospholipids anatomy

Answer 16

They have a hydrophilie head that is attracted to water. They have hydrophobic tails that repel water

Question 17

Plasma membrane- Peripheral proteins are only found on one side of the membrane. What’s the function?

Answer 17

Acts as like enzymes

Question 18

Plasma membrane- Integral points cross the width of the membrane. What’s their function?

Answer 18

Assist in the transport of molecules in and out of the cell

Question 19

Plasma membrane- Some proteins have long carbohydrate chains . What are these called?

Answer 19

Glycoproteins

Question 20

Plasma membrane- What is the function of glycoproteins

Answer 20

Involved in a cell recognition, cell signalling and receptors.

Question 21

Plasma membrane- Function of cholesterol molecules

Answer 21

maintains stability in the cell

Question 22

Role of the plasma membrane:

Answer 22

1. Plasma membrane is partially permeable so it controls the transport of molecules in and out of the cell.
2. It separates the contents of the cell from the outside environment
3. It allows other cells to recognise the cell as belonging to the body
4. Allows cells to signal each other
5. Allows molecules to bind with receptors in the membrane,
6. Holds the components of some chemical reaction in place

Question 23

Name an organelle that possess a Plasma membrane

Answer 23

Nucleus, smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes