Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
bone consists of two types of tissue:
compact bone and spongy bone
compact bone:
consists of bone cells in rings of densely packed matrix
spongy bone:
lighter and less dense, consists of plates and bars of bone adjacent to small irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow
Types of skeletal joint
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints
fibrous joint
fixed by fibrous connective tissue that allows no movement
cartilaginous joint
held together by cartilage and allow slight movement. Cartilage is a good shock absorber
synovial joint
-are freely moveable and occur where two bones meet
-Surrounded by a ligament which joins bone to bone and stabilises the joint
-synovial membrane produces synovial fluid which lubricates the joint
different synovial joints
1.ball & socket
hip and shoulder
2.hinge
elbow and knee
3.pivot
atlas and axis in the neck
4.gliding
between tarsals and carpals
5.saddle
between thumb and metacarpal
6.condyloid
wrist and phalanges
directions the joints move-flexion
movement that decreases the angle between two body parts
directions the joints move-extension
movement that increases the angle between two body parts
directions the joints move-abduction
movement away from the midline
directions the joints move-adduction
movement towards the midline
ball and socket joint movements
-flexion/suspension
-adduction/abduction
-internal and external rotation
pivot joint movements
rotation of one bone around another
saddle joint movements
most movements apart from rotation
