DNA

Question 1

What is a chromosome

Answer 1

chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the animal cell and contain strands of DNA

Question 2

What does DNA stand for

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

The chromosome

Answer 3

-made up of a pair of chromatids and they are held together at the centromere
-chromosomes exist in pairs except for:
-egg cells and sperm cells
-in pairs of chromosomes, there is one chromosome from the mother and one from the father

Question 4

What is the term for a cell that has complete set of paired chromosomes?

Answer 4

Diploid

Question 5

What is the term for a cell that has one strand of each set of paired chromosomes

Answer 5

haploid

Question 6

how many chromosomes do dogs, cats, mice, humans have

Answer 6

dogs=39
cats=19
mice=20
humans=23

Question 7

DNA structure

Answer 7

made up of units called nucleotides and it carries the genetic information needed for cell reproduction, development and function

Question 8

Nucleotides are made up of 3 molecules, what are they

Answer 8

1. a phosphate group
2. 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
3. nitrogenous base (contains nitrogen)

Question 9

What is the structure of nucleotides

Answer 9

The phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar are the same in every nucleotide but there are different bases. The bases on DNA are attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 10

DNA contains 4 base types, what are they

Answer 10

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine.
C always binds with G. A always binds with T

Question 11

How is the DNA code read?

Answer 11

A gene is a hereditary unit of DNA, and it is a short section of DNA that carries the genetic code of a specific characteristics or cell activity

Question 12

a gene is…

Answer 12

-1000’s of nucleotides in length and read as 3 letter ‘triplets’ known as codons.
-Each codon relates to one of the 20 amino acids used to make up proteins

Question 13

What is an amino acid?

Answer 13

building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids which can bind together to form long chains called polypeptide chains.
-The polypeptide chains can then fold up to form large protein molecules

Question 14

What are the differences between RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA

Answer 14

1. RNA is single-stranded
2. RNA has uracil instead of thymine

Question 15

How is DNA read-genes?

Answer 15

-The sequence of the bases in a gene, codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
-polypeptide chains makeup proteins
-proteins have a huge range of structures and function sin the living world, and these are all made of chains of amino acids