Nervous tissue

Question 1

myelin sheath

Answer 1

-fatty white substance found around the axon made by Schwann cells
-surrounded most sensory and motor neurons
-acts as an insulator, speeding up conduction of action potentials
-may act to protect the nerve from damage

Question 2

3 types of nerve cell

Answer 2

sensory, motor, interneuron

Question 3

function of sensory neuron

Answer 3

responsible for sending impulses from sensory organs towards the brain/spinal chord

Question 4

function of motor neuron

Answer 4

send impulses from the brain/spinal chord to specific muscles or organs

Question 5

function of interneuron neuron

Answer 5

transmit impulses between sensory and motor neuron within the brain/spinal chord`

Question 6

function of glial cells

Answer 6

provide protection and support to nervous tissues

Question 7

glial cells: Oligodendrocytes(function)

Answer 7

insulate the axon of the neurons in the CNS

Question 8

glial cells: Astrocytes(function)

Answer 8

regulate cerebrospinal fluid and hold capillaries in place

Question 9

glial cells: schwann cells(function)

Answer 9

insulate the axon of the neurons in the PNS(peripheral nervous system)

Question 10

3 types of muscle tissues

Answer 10

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 11

function of muscle tissues-skeletal

Answer 11

-attached to, support and move the skeleton.
-cells are cylindrical in shape with multiple nuclei around the outside: striated in appearance due to the arrangement of the fibres
-moves the skeleton at the joints and work in antagonistic pairs

Question 12

function of muscle tissues-smooth

Answer 12

-found in the digestive system, reproductive tracts, the vascular system, bladder, bowels and glands.
-cells are spindle shaped with one nucleus
-allows hollow organs to contract

Question 13

function of muscle tissues-cardiac

Answer 13

-elongated, branching cells with one or two nuclei per cell
-has striations that appear as dark and light bands
-contraction of the heart tissue

Question 14

aerobic repiration

Answer 14

-involves the release of energy from the breakdown of glucose by combining with oxygen
-is more efficient than anaerobic respiration
-occurs in the mitochondria
-energy is used to enable the muscles to contract and allow movement

Question 15

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 15

-respiration w/o oxygen
-short term energy production which is used when not enough oxygen can be exchanged to carry out aerobic respiration
-occurs in the cytoplasm
-leaves lactic acid in the muscles which can stop the muscle working well and causes pain

Question 16

Fast twitch muscle fibres

Answer 16

-very quick and powerful, with densely packed fibres
-use anaerobic respiration to allow for rapid generation of energy (ATP) but have few mitochondria and therefore tire quickly as they consume alot of energy
-are lighter in colour because they have fewer capillaries as they do not rely on oxygen

Question 17

Slow twitch muscle fibres

Answer 17

-contract slowly but keep going for a long time, without getting tired
-need a lot of oxygen so have a good blood supply and have a high density of mitochondria for aerobic respiration
-muscle fibres are red in colour because they contain so many blood vessels as they need a lot of oxygenated blood