excretory system

Question 1

function of the kidney

Answer 1

important in waste removal

Question 2

function of the ureter

Answer 2

these are two tubes which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 3

function of the urethra

Answer 3

the urethra allows the passing of urine from the bladder and out of the body

Question 4

kidney is split into two sections what are they

Answer 4

the cortex, the medulla

Question 5

structure of the cortex

Answer 5

-the cortex is covered by fibrous connective tissue which forms a tough capsule
-contains the glomeruli and parts of the nephron

Question 6

function of the medulla

Answer 6

-contains tubular parts of the nephron and blood vessels which make up the renal pyramids
-the apex of the pyramid is called papilla
-the renal artery carries ‘dirty’ blood to the cortex
-the renal vein transports ‘clean’ blood away from the kidneys
-waste products in the form of urine exit the medulla via the ureter

Question 7

structure of the medulla

Answer 7

includes the renal pyramids and the site of the loop of Henle of the nephron

Question 8

structure of the cortex

Answer 8

contains the glomerulus and Bowmans capsule of the nephron

Question 9

structure of glomerulus

Answer 9

is a ‘knot’ of capillaries

Question 10

structure of the bowmans capsule

Answer 10

collects the filtrate from the glomerus

Question 11

structure of the tubules

Answer 11

allow the transportation of filtrate to and from the loop of henle

Question 12

function of the collecting duct

Answer 12

collects urine and passes to the ureter

Question 13

additional functions of the liver

Answer 13

-stores vitamins
-processes haemoglobin and stores/reuses iron content
-carries away waste and emulsifies lipids
-stores/releases glucose as necessary
-converts nitrogenous waste into urea
-clearing blood of harmful substances
-produces immune factors
-regulates blood clotting

Question 14

adaptations in birds

Answer 14

-bird has two ureters that carry urine from the kidneys to the cloaca
-the cloaca allows urine and other waste products to be cleared from the body
-birds convert nitrogenous acid in the form of uric acid which is more like a paste, and insoluble

Question 15

what is nephritis

Answer 15

inflammation of the kidneys which leads to problems filtering the blood effectively

Question 16

what can cause nephritis

Answer 16

disease, medications or some idsorders

Question 17

symptoms of nephritis

Answer 17

weight loss, protein in urine, increased thirst, increased urination and vomiting

Question 18

what is liver cirrhosis

Answer 18

infection of hepatitis c. excess fat build-up in the liver

Question 19

what can cause liver cirrhosis

Answer 19

disease, medications, or toxins

Question 20

is there a cure for liver cirrhosis

Answer 20

no, but a healthy diet, exercise and treatment of other conditions can help to prevent it getting worse

Question 21

symptoms of liver cirrhosis

Answer 21

loss of appetite, weight loss, vomiting and or diarrhoea, lack of energy, increase urination