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AP Biology > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system controls erection and Vaginal Lubrication

A

Parasympathetic

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2
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system controls ejaculation and Orgasm

A

Sympathetic

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3
Q

Where is Urine stored?

A

the bladder

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4
Q

Through what is Urine released?

A

The urethra

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5
Q

What is the male/female sex hormone

A

Testosterone/estrogen, progesterone

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6
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

the Testes

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7
Q

Where does the sperm mature

A

In the Epididymis

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8
Q

At what temperature is the Scrotum kept at

A

5 degrees lower than overall body temp

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9
Q

What is the scrotum

A

the sac that holds the testes

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10
Q

What are the secondary male sex characteristics

A
  • Deep voice
  • Muscle bulk
  • Sperm production
  • Facial hair
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11
Q

Are sperm haploid or diploid

A

haploid

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12
Q

what does haploid mean

A

half of normal (23 chromosomes)

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13
Q

Which glands are in the male reproductive system and what is their job

A

Seminal Vesicles, Prostate, Bulbourethral (or cowpurs): job is to secrete nutrient rich fluid to provide energy and mobility for sperm to swim thru.

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14
Q

What is the job of the penis

A

to house the urethra and to carry sperm

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15
Q

What does the penis and vagina allow for

A

Internal reproduction

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16
Q

Though what tube does sperm travel through to get to the urethra?

A

Vas deferens

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17
Q

What is a vasotomy

A

a cutting of the vas deferens

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18
Q

What does the semen do besides carry sperm?

A

Neutralize female vaginal canal (vaginal canal is acidic

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19
Q

How common is prostate cancer

A

almost everyone has it

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20
Q

What comprises the sperm and what does it provide to the egg?

A
  • A large nucleus (23 chrom)
  • mitochondria
  • flagella
    It provides only genetic info
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21
Q

What are the female reproductive system components

A
  • bladder
  • urethra
  • uterus
  • cervix
  • Ovary
  • Oviducts (fallopian tubes)
  • vagina + vaginal lining
  • egg
  • polar bodies
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22
Q

What are the male reproductive components

A
  • penis
  • urethra
  • bladder
  • vas deferens
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral (cowpurs)
  • epididymis
  • Scrotum
  • testes
    Sperm + Semen
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23
Q

Through which process are the sperm and egg made?

A

spermiogenesis/oogenesis

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24
Q

How far up does fertilization occur?

A

3/4 the way up in the fallopian tubes

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25
Q

What is the cervix

A

the opening to the uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby

26
Q

What is the Vagina + its job

A

Birth canal + receives sperm

27
Q

How is oogenesis different to spermiogenesis

A

the process that makes the egg produces polar bodies that disintegrate, creating only one egg from meiosis. Spermiogenesis keeps all the products of meiosis

28
Q

What are the germ layers

A

Exoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

29
Q

When is the Ovum released

A

When LH spikes

29
Q

What is the LH hormone

A

Lueterizing Hormone, responsible for ovulation

30
Q

What happens during menstruation

A

The Uteral lining is shed

31
Q

What is FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating hormone

31
Q

When does the menstrual cycle begin/end

A

Puberty/late 40’s

32
Q

Where is FSH and LH released from

A

the pituitary gland

33
Q

What is the ending of the menstrual cycle called?

A

menopause

34
Q

What is the cycle regulated by

A

hormones

34
Q

How long is the time between menstrual cycles

A

~28 days

35
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Thicken the uteral lining

36
Q

What does a decreased level of these homones cause

A

Shedding of the uteral lining (AKA menstuation). No pregnancy during this period

37
Q

What do FSH and LH do

A

Help release an egg and increases egg/embryo development

38
Q

If fertilization does not occur:

A

the uterine lining is shed thru the vagina on day 28

39
Q

When does Ovulation occur

A

on day 14 when LH spikes

40
Q

What are the female secondary sex characteristics

A
  • wide hips
  • mamory gland dev
    -menstrual cycle
41
Q

which female hormone controls secondary sex characteristics

A

estrogen

42
Q

is a zygote haploid or diploid

A

diploid

43
Q

List the stages of fertilization and the developing childs state

A
  • Fertilization (Zygote in fallopian tubes)
  • 2 cells (goes down fallopian tubes)
  • 4 cells (goes down fallopian tubes)
  • morula (goes down fallopian tubes, entering uterus)
  • Blastocyst (now in uterus and implanted)
  • human germ
  • embryo
  • fetus
44
Q

How is nutrients transferred between the mother and fetus?

A

the mother’s blood will go around the placenta diffusing nutrients ( NOT BLOOD) to the child. These nutrients will go thru the umbilical cord and to the fetus.

45
Q

At what stage does differentiation occur between the cells in the developing fetus

A

When the child is a human germ

46
Q

What does the exoderm become

A

the skin and neural tissues

47
Q

What does the endoderm become

A

the respiratory and digestive systems

48
Q

What does the mesoderm become

A

skeleton, heart and muscle

49
Q

What is independent assortment

A

When the chromosomes arrange on their own

50
Q

What things increase variation?

A
  • Sexual reproduction (Genetic recombination)
  • Independent assortment
  • Mutation
  • Crossing over
51
Q

What is crossing over

A

When chromosomes swap DNA and alleles during metaphase

52
Q

When does blood transfer occur in pregnancy

A

During labor/birth

53
Q

What is placenta

A

A gel like substance that diffuses nutrients in the mother’s blood to the child

54
Q

What diffuses thru the placenta

A

O2, glucose, waste, etc.
NO BLOOD

55
Q

What is amniocentesis

A

When a needle is inserted into the amniotic fluid for karyotyping purposes. the needle cannot touch the child or it will die.

56
Q

What is the Amnion + its function

A

a sac holding fluid around the baby used to cushion and protect the child.

57
Q

How and when does differentiation occur

A

right after the child becomes a embryo, cells make up the ecto, meso, and endoderm. This occurs when specific genes are turned on to make specific cells

58
Q

Are all cells identical in terms of DNA

A

YES, all cells share the same DNA with the exceptions of cancer/mutated cells

AP Biology (20 decks)

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