Reproductive Flashcards
Which part of the autonomic nervous system controls erection and Vaginal Lubrication
Parasympathetic
Which part of the autonomic nervous system controls ejaculation and Orgasm
Sympathetic
Where is Urine stored?
the bladder
Through what is Urine released?
The urethra
What is the male/female sex hormone
Testosterone/estrogen, progesterone
Where is sperm produced?
the Testes
Where does the sperm mature
In the Epididymis
At what temperature is the Scrotum kept at
5 degrees lower than overall body temp
What is the scrotum
the sac that holds the testes
What are the secondary male sex characteristics
- Deep voice
- Muscle bulk
- Sperm production
- Facial hair
Are sperm haploid or diploid
haploid
what does haploid mean
half of normal (23 chromosomes)
Which glands are in the male reproductive system and what is their job
Seminal Vesicles, Prostate, Bulbourethral (or cowpurs): job is to secrete nutrient rich fluid to provide energy and mobility for sperm to swim thru.
What is the job of the penis
to house the urethra and to carry sperm
What does the penis and vagina allow for
Internal reproduction
Though what tube does sperm travel through to get to the urethra?
Vas deferens
What is a vasotomy
a cutting of the vas deferens
What does the semen do besides carry sperm?
Neutralize female vaginal canal (vaginal canal is acidic
How common is prostate cancer
almost everyone has it
What comprises the sperm and what does it provide to the egg?
- A large nucleus (23 chrom)
- mitochondria
- flagella
It provides only genetic info
What are the female reproductive system components
- bladder
- urethra
- uterus
- cervix
- Ovary
- Oviducts (fallopian tubes)
- vagina + vaginal lining
- egg
- polar bodies
What are the male reproductive components
- penis
- urethra
- bladder
- vas deferens
- seminal vesicles
- prostate
- bulbourethral (cowpurs)
- epididymis
- Scrotum
- testes
Sperm + Semen
Through which process are the sperm and egg made?
spermiogenesis/oogenesis
How far up does fertilization occur?
3/4 the way up in the fallopian tubes
What is the cervix
the opening to the uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby
What is the Vagina + its job
Birth canal + receives sperm
How is oogenesis different to spermiogenesis
the process that makes the egg produces polar bodies that disintegrate, creating only one egg from meiosis. Spermiogenesis keeps all the products of meiosis
What are the germ layers
Exoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm
When is the Ovum released
When LH spikes
What is the LH hormone
Lueterizing Hormone, responsible for ovulation
What happens during menstruation
The Uteral lining is shed
What is FSH
Follicle Stimulating hormone
When does the menstrual cycle begin/end
Puberty/late 40’s
Where is FSH and LH released from
the pituitary gland
What is the ending of the menstrual cycle called?
menopause
What is the cycle regulated by
hormones
How long is the time between menstrual cycles
~28 days
What does progesterone do
Thicken the uteral lining
What does a decreased level of these homones cause
Shedding of the uteral lining (AKA menstuation). No pregnancy during this period
What do FSH and LH do
Help release an egg and increases egg/embryo development
If fertilization does not occur:
the uterine lining is shed thru the vagina on day 28
When does Ovulation occur
on day 14 when LH spikes
What are the female secondary sex characteristics
- wide hips
- mamory gland dev
-menstrual cycle
which female hormone controls secondary sex characteristics
estrogen
is a zygote haploid or diploid
diploid
List the stages of fertilization and the developing childs state
- Fertilization (Zygote in fallopian tubes)
- 2 cells (goes down fallopian tubes)
- 4 cells (goes down fallopian tubes)
- morula (goes down fallopian tubes, entering uterus)
- Blastocyst (now in uterus and implanted)
- human germ
- embryo
- fetus
How is nutrients transferred between the mother and fetus?
the mother’s blood will go around the placenta diffusing nutrients ( NOT BLOOD) to the child. These nutrients will go thru the umbilical cord and to the fetus.
At what stage does differentiation occur between the cells in the developing fetus
When the child is a human germ
What does the exoderm become
the skin and neural tissues
What does the endoderm become
the respiratory and digestive systems
What does the mesoderm become
skeleton, heart and muscle
What is independent assortment
When the chromosomes arrange on their own
What things increase variation?
- Sexual reproduction (Genetic recombination)
- Independent assortment
- Mutation
- Crossing over
What is crossing over
When chromosomes swap DNA and alleles during metaphase
When does blood transfer occur in pregnancy
During labor/birth
What is placenta
A gel like substance that diffuses nutrients in the mother’s blood to the child
What diffuses thru the placenta
O2, glucose, waste, etc.
NO BLOOD
What is amniocentesis
When a needle is inserted into the amniotic fluid for karyotyping purposes. the needle cannot touch the child or it will die.
What is the Amnion + its function
a sac holding fluid around the baby used to cushion and protect the child.
How and when does differentiation occur
right after the child becomes a embryo, cells make up the ecto, meso, and endoderm. This occurs when specific genes are turned on to make specific cells
Are all cells identical in terms of DNA
YES, all cells share the same DNA with the exceptions of cancer/mutated cells
