Cell Organelles and Diffusion

Question 1

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 1

It allows certain substances to pass through the cell, and gives plant and animal cells their shape. Found in all cells

Question 2

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 2

Gives the plant cells structure and support protecting the cells

Question 3

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 3

Gives the energy for the cells and body. Powerhouse of the cell

Question 4

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 4

Controls all the activities in the cells, similar to the brain.

Question 5

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place.

Question 6

What does the golgi bodies do?

Answer 6

After proteins are made they sort and package them for the cell to use

Question 7

What does the vacuole do?

Answer 7

Stores wastes like food and water, larger in plant cells.

Question 8

What does the ribosomes do?

Answer 8

The ribosomes produce and make proteins in the cell

Question 9

What do the chloroplasts do?

Answer 9

It is found in plant cells, and captures light and gives plants its green color. It is where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 10

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 10

The endo. ret. transports things around the cell.

Question 11

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 11

Phospholipid bilayers- hydrophilic heads + hydrophobic tails
Contains lipids and protein channels and carb. chains.

Question 12

What is embedded in the bilayer?

Answer 12

Proteins

Question 13

What are integral proteins?

Answer 13

Proteins that span the membrane embedded within the bilayer

Question 14

What are peripheral proteins?

Answer 14

Proteins resting on the membrane on each side

Question 15

Passive transport?

Answer 15

No energy used - moves molecules with conc. grad. [high] –> [low]

Question 16

Active transport?

Answer 16

Uses energy –ATP ___ against conc. grad. [low]–>[high]

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

Movement of molecule (O2, glucose)high to low

Question 18

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 18

Homeostasis— maintain internal environment

Question 19

What is osmosis

Answer 19

Diffusion of water
[high] —> [low]

Question 20

Aquaporin

Answer 20

Transports H2O faster for metabolic process

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

All chemical reactions in body

Question 22

Solutes

Answer 22

Substance dissolved by solvent (sugar)

Question 23

Solvent

Answer 23

Substance dissolving the solute (water)

Question 24

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 24

Type of diffusion that uses the help of transport proteins

Question 25

Uniport

Answer 25

1 type of molecule in 1 direction

Question 26

Symport

Answer 26

2 types of molecule in 1 direction

Question 27

Antiport

Answer 27

2 types of molecule in 2 directions. (Na + K +pump) – (nervous system)

Question 28

Isotonic

Answer 28

any external solution that has the same solute concentration and water concentration compared to body fluids.
NO NET MOVEMENT OF WATER(H2O)

Question 29

Hypotonic

Answer 29

Water goes into the cell. Less salt inside

Question 30

Hypertonic

Answer 30

Water moves out. More salt inside.

Question 31

What happens to molecular motion as the temperature increases?

Answer 31

The molecular motion speeds up and become faster

Question 32

What size is more efficient for diffusion?

Answer 32

Smaller size, to fit through the membrane

Question 33

Why can’t starch go through diffusion?

Answer 33

It is too large to go through

Question 34

How does the size of the gradient affect rate?

Answer 34

Greater gradient will lead to a faster rate of diffusion

Question 35

What does active transport require?

Answer 35

Transport protein and energy

Question 36

What does the Sodium (Na+) and potassium(K+) pump do?

Answer 36

It transports Na+ and K+ at a 3:2 ratio

3 Na+ out
2 Ka+In

Question 37

What is endocytosis?

Answer 37

The process in which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment

Question 38

What is exocytosis?

Answer 38

The materials exit the cell

Question 39

What is excretion?

Answer 39

Removal of metabolic waste- cellular waste

Question 40

What is secretion?

Answer 40

The release of substances from one are to another (not complete removal)

Question 41

What does the lysosome do?

Answer 41

Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.

Question 42

What does the vesicle do?

Answer 42

They can be used to move molecules, secrete substances, digest materials, or regulate the pressure in the cell.

Question 43

What does the centriole do?

Answer 43

organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system.

Question 44

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 44

The cytoskeleton provides a structural framework for the cell, serving as a scaffold that determines cell shape and the general organization of the cytoplasm.