Cell Organelles and Diffusion Flashcards
What does the cell membrane do?
It allows certain substances to pass through the cell, and gives plant and animal cells their shape. Found in all cells
What does the cell wall do?
Gives the plant cells structure and support protecting the cells
What does the mitochondria do?
Gives the energy for the cells and body. Powerhouse of the cell
What does the nucleus do?
Controls all the activities in the cells, similar to the brain.
What is the cytoplasm?
Jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place.
What does the golgi bodies do?
After proteins are made they sort and package them for the cell to use
What does the vacuole do?
Stores wastes like food and water, larger in plant cells.
What does the ribosomes do?
The ribosomes produce and make proteins in the cell
What do the chloroplasts do?
It is found in plant cells, and captures light and gives plants its green color. It is where photosynthesis occurs.
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?
The endo. ret. transports things around the cell.
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayers- hydrophilic heads + hydrophobic tails
Contains lipids and protein channels and carb. chains.
What is embedded in the bilayer?
Proteins
What are integral proteins?
Proteins that span the membrane embedded within the bilayer
What are peripheral proteins?
Proteins resting on the membrane on each side
Passive transport?
No energy used - moves molecules with conc. grad. [high] –> [low]
Active transport?
Uses energy –ATP ___ against conc. grad. [low]–>[high]
Diffusion
Movement of molecule (O2, glucose)high to low
Dynamic Equilibrium
Homeostasis— maintain internal environment
What is osmosis
Diffusion of water
[high] —> [low]
Aquaporin
Transports H2O faster for metabolic process
Metabolism
All chemical reactions in body
Solutes
Substance dissolved by solvent (sugar)
Solvent
Substance dissolving the solute (water)
Facilitated Diffusion
Type of diffusion that uses the help of transport proteins
Uniport
1 type of molecule in 1 direction
Symport
2 types of molecule in 1 direction
Antiport
2 types of molecule in 2 directions. (Na + K +pump) – (nervous system)
Isotonic
any external solution that has the same solute concentration and water concentration compared to body fluids.
NO NET MOVEMENT OF WATER(H2O)
Hypotonic
Water goes into the cell. Less salt inside
Hypertonic
Water moves out. More salt inside.
What happens to molecular motion as the temperature increases?
The molecular motion speeds up and become faster
What size is more efficient for diffusion?
Smaller size, to fit through the membrane
Why can’t starch go through diffusion?
It is too large to go through
How does the size of the gradient affect rate?
Greater gradient will lead to a faster rate of diffusion
What does active transport require?
Transport protein and energy
What does the Sodium (Na+) and potassium(K+) pump do?
It transports Na+ and K+ at a 3:2 ratio
3 Na+ out
2 Ka+In
What is endocytosis?
The process in which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment
What is exocytosis?
The materials exit the cell
What is excretion?
Removal of metabolic waste- cellular waste
What is secretion?
The release of substances from one are to another (not complete removal)
What does the lysosome do?
Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.
What does the vesicle do?
They can be used to move molecules, secrete substances, digest materials, or regulate the pressure in the cell.
What does the centriole do?
organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system.
What does the cytoskeleton do?
The cytoskeleton provides a structural framework for the cell, serving as a scaffold that determines cell shape and the general organization of the cytoplasm.
