DNA Replication Flashcards
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How long are Okazaki fragments
~200 nucleotides long
What direction are the deoxyribose sugars facing on the leading strand
They are pointed downwards
What are the bonds between the phosphates and sugars
Covalent bonds
What are the bonds between the nitrogenous bases
h-bonds
Why is Chargaff’s base pairing rule true
because purines can only bond with pyrimidines so for every purine, there must be 1 pyrimidine. So by this logic, % of Guanine = % of cytosine (not the same for adenine, thymine and uracil)
What is Chargaff’s base pairing rule
% of purines = % or pyrimidines
what is the structure of ribose
OH
|
ch2
|
C–O–C
\ /
C—–C
| |
OH OH
what is deoxyribose structure
OH
|
ch2
|
C–O–C
\ /
C—–C
| |
OH H
What prevents DNA from connecting back together
Single binding protein
What are the 4 bases
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, (Uracil in RNA)
How does DNA Polymerase 3 start binding base pairs
RNA Primer is added and primes the leading stand once and allows for DNA Polymerase to find the complimentary base pairs.
What does topoisomerase do
it uncoils DNA
What is nucleotide triphosphate
an atp like molecule that binds to RNA primer’s 3’ end
What is the growth change between Leading stand vs Lagging stand
Leading strand has continuous growth vs lagging stand grows in chunks (Okazaki fragments)
Where do the bases come from for DNA Polymerase 3
they are free floating
How long are okzaki fragments
~200 nucleotides long
What is the def of semi conservative in terms of DNA syntheisis
It is semi conservative because only half of the strand is new
what is rRNA
ribosome RNA
What is tRNA
RNA that carries amino Acids
What are triplets
3 nucleotide bases chunk (DNA)
What is a codon
3 nucleotide bases chunk (mRNA)
what is an anti codon
3 nucleotide bases chunk complementary to the codon (tRNA)
What is the mRNA start codon
AUG
What is the tRNA start anticodon
UAC
How many stop codons are there
3
