Digestion and Circulatory system

Question 1

What are nutrients and what are the 6 main ones that are digested?

Answer 1

Nutrients are substances that provide energy and materials for metabolic activities. The 6 main ones are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 2

What is nutrition?

Answer 2

Process of taking in nutrients for metabolism.

Question 3

What are minerals? Give an example of a few

Answer 3

Chemical elements for organisms needed to function properly. Examples include but not limited to calcium, iron, phosphate, iodine

Question 4

What are vitamins? Give an example of a few

Answer 4

Coenzymes (important in bio reactions) and examples include vitamin A, C, K, D, B12

Question 5

What are autotrophs? What do they do?

Answer 5

Organisms that make their own food. They do photosynthesis to make food (green plants and algae)

Question 6

How are bacteria autotrophs?

Answer 6

They make their own food through chemosynthesis

Question 7

What are heterotrophs? Give an example of few

Answer 7

Heterotrophs are organisms that can’t make their own food. Examples include fungi, protozoan, animals.

Question 8

What are calories and what is the measurement?

Answer 8

Calories are the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of water by 1 degrees Celsius. The measurement is 1 kilocalorie=1000 calories

Question 9

What is a calorimeter and how many calories are 1 gram each of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

Answer 9

Instrument used to measure energy (calories) of a food sample. 1 gram of carbs is 4 kcal, 1 gram of protein is 4kcal, and 1 gram of fat is 9 kcal.

Question 10

What are some factors that affect daily calorie needs?

Answer 10

Age, gender, life style, body conditions, weight

Question 11

What is fiber(roughage) and why do we need it?

Answer 11

It is bulky and indigestible material made out of cellulose found in plant cell walls. It stimulates muscles of digestive system to keep food moving.

Question 12

What is ingestion?

Answer 12

To take in food

Question 13

What is digestion?

Answer 13

To break down food

Question 14

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 14

Breaking down food through physical means. Increases surface area prior to chemical digestion

Question 15

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 15

Large molecules chemically changed to small molecules using enzymatic hydrolysis.

Question 16

What is absorption?

Answer 16

To pass material across the cell membrane into the cell

Question 17

What is egestion? What are some reasons behind?

Answer 17

Process of removing indigestible or undigested material by heterotrophs. Reasons may be lack of enzyme to break it down or not enough exposure to enzymes

Question 18

What is the purpose of the oral cavity(mouth)?

Answer 18

Mechanical and chemical (only carbs) digestion, secretes saliva to wet food and form bolus, and salivary amylase which breaks down starch

Question 19

What does the pharynx(throat) do?

Answer 19

It starts an automatic swallowing reflex and food travels down by epiglottis(tissue which prevents food and liquid from entering trachea/windpipe)

Question 20

What does the esophagus do?

Answer 20

Moves food down by peristalsis(muscle contractions)