Digestion and Circulatory system Flashcards
Yeah so basically Onian
What are nutrients and what are the 6 main ones that are digested?
Nutrients are substances that provide energy and materials for metabolic activities. The 6 main ones are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
What is nutrition?
Process of taking in nutrients for metabolism.
What are minerals? Give an example of a few
Chemical elements for organisms needed to function properly. Examples include but not limited to calcium, iron, phosphate, iodine
What are vitamins? Give an example of a few
Coenzymes (important in bio reactions) and examples include vitamin A, C, K, D, B12
What are autotrophs? What do they do?
Organisms that make their own food. They do photosynthesis to make food (green plants and algae)
How are bacteria autotrophs?
They make their own food through chemosynthesis
What are heterotrophs? Give an example of few
Heterotrophs are organisms that can’t make their own food. Examples include fungi, protozoan, animals.
What are calories and what is the measurement?
Calories are the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of water by 1 degrees Celsius. The measurement is 1 kilocalorie=1000 calories
What is a calorimeter and how many calories are 1 gram each of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
Instrument used to measure energy (calories) of a food sample. 1 gram of carbs is 4 kcal, 1 gram of protein is 4kcal, and 1 gram of fat is 9 kcal.
What are some factors that affect daily calorie needs?
Age, gender, life style, body conditions, weight
What is fiber(roughage) and why do we need it?
It is bulky and indigestible material made out of cellulose found in plant cell walls. It stimulates muscles of digestive system to keep food moving.
What is ingestion?
To take in food
What is digestion?
To break down food
What is mechanical digestion?
Breaking down food through physical means. Increases surface area prior to chemical digestion
What is chemical digestion?
Large molecules chemically changed to small molecules using enzymatic hydrolysis.
What is absorption?
To pass material across the cell membrane into the cell
What is egestion? What are some reasons behind?
Process of removing indigestible or undigested material by heterotrophs. Reasons may be lack of enzyme to break it down or not enough exposure to enzymes
What is the purpose of the oral cavity(mouth)?
Mechanical and chemical (only carbs) digestion, secretes saliva to wet food and form bolus, and salivary amylase which breaks down starch
What does the pharynx(throat) do?
It starts an automatic swallowing reflex and food travels down by epiglottis(tissue which prevents food and liquid from entering trachea/windpipe)
What does the esophagus do?
Moves food down by peristalsis(muscle contractions)
