BioChemistry Flashcards
What is an element
A substance made of the same atom
Name the subatomic particles
Neutron, electron, Proton
What is an atom
Smallest unit of a compound or element
4 facts of electrons
- Outside nucleus-Unless otherwise stated, # of Proton = # of electron- Potential energy of electron increases as the distance form the nucleus increases-Electrons orbit in energy levels
Define Valence electrons
of electrons to fill outer shell
Define electronegativity
measure of atoms ability to pull electrons toward its nucleus
Ionic bond Def
Bond that steals electrons from the other
What are the two types of Covalent bonds
Non polar covalent, Polar covalent
Define non polar covalent bond
Bond between 2 electronegative atoms ( O - O )
Define polar covalent bond
Slightly different electronegative properties of two different atoms allowing the formation of a + end and a - end (H2O) This is called a Dipole*
Protein Function
Repair cells, help immune system, and repair muscle
Cation
Positively charged atom (H)
anion
negativity charged atom (O)
Ion
charged atom
Hydrogen bond def
an attraction between two oppositely charge atoms
Cohesion
H2O bond to other water molocules
What properties of water allow life to exist on earth
-H2O is less dense as ice than it is as water-** Universal solvent-**Cohesion chains (goes up a plant)
Solvent
A liquid dissolving something
Adhesion
H2O bond to other surfaces than water
What are organic molocules
Any carbon and hydrogen compound with the exception of CO2
What does pH stand for and what does it mesure
the parts per Hydrogen measures the acidity of something (H is acidic)
Dehydration synthesis
To have a BYPRODUCT of water
Hydrolysis
Water used to break a bond
Carbohydrate facts
- monomer ratio is CH2O (1:2:1)-Monomers are called monosaccharides-Categorized by # of Carbons-end in -ose-Maltose made from glucose + glucose- Lactose = Glucose + Galactose-Sucrose = Fructose + Glucose
Ribose function
make up nucleotide based proteins
Deoxyribose function
make up hereditary information
Examples of Hexose
Glucose, Galactose, fructose, etc.
Hexose
-immediate source of energy (ATP)-ability to diffuse through cell membrane