Enzymes

Question 1

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 1

Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.
It is a catalyst

Question 1

What do enzymes consist of?

Answer 1

Amino acids- end in -ase, ex: amylase,maltase,sucrase

Question 2

What is the function/goal of the enzyme?

Answer 2

To speed up the rate. RXN

Question 3

What is activation energy?

Answer 3

The minimum amount of energy to start the rate RXN

Question 4

What makes up an enzyme?

Answer 4

Weak hydrogen bonds, and amino acids

Question 5

What does the substrate do?

Answer 5

It attaches to the enzymes active site

Question 6

What are reactants?

Answer 6

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction. On the left hand side.

Question 7

What are products?

Answer 7

Products are the end result of the reaction and are written on the right-hand side of the equation.

Question 8

What group do cofactors and coenzymes live in?

Answer 8

Prosthetic groups, they increase the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions

Question 9

What are coenzymes?

Answer 9

organic molecules that are needed to attach to certain enzymes to carry out the chemical reaction

Question 10

How do coenzymes work?

Answer 10

They attach to the enzyme and allow substrate to bind and the reaction occurs.

Question 11

What is an example of a coenzyme?

Answer 11

Vitamin B

Question 12

What type of substance is cofactors classified as?

Answer 12

The are classified as metalion substances.

Question 13

Example of cofactors?

Answer 13

Non-protein and organic ions. (lead)

Question 14

What does hemoglobin do?

Answer 14

It is a protein that carries oxygen in blood cells.

Question 15

What do inhibitors do?

Answer 15

Slows the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions

Question 16

Irreversible inhibitors

Answer 16

Forms a covalent bond with the enzyme at its active site therefore permanently blocking the subtrate.

Question 17

Example of irreversible inhibitor?

Answer 17

Pb – lead —-> lead poisoning affects 3rd structure of the neurological protein.

Question 18

Reversible inhibitor

Answer 18

Forms a temporary bond with the enzyme therefore slows the reaction rate while the inhibitor is bound to the substrate.

Question 19

How can you overcome the effects of the reversible inhibitor?

Answer 19

By adding more substrate.

Question 20

Example of rev. inhibitor ?

Answer 20

CO2 binds to hemoglobin

Question 21

What does irreversible inhibitor do to the body?

Answer 21

It denatures the cells in the body

Question 22

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 22

Inhibitors with a similar size and shape to a substarte.

Question 23

What do Competitive inhibitors do?

Answer 23

They compete with the substrate to bind with the active site

Question 24

Example of Competitive inhibitors?

Answer 24

Antibiotics —–> blocks enzymes needed for reproduction

Question 25

What does the active site do?

Answer 25

Maintains homeostasis and binds with the catalyst

Question 26

what is pH

Answer 26

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a soloution

Question 27

What is the optimum temperature for an enzyme to function and max rate?

Answer 27

37 C and 98.6 F

Question 28

What happens if you go beyond pH opt.

Answer 28

Enzymes starts to denature and breaks R group.

Question 29

More heat =________?

Answer 29

Denatures

Question 30

Substrate concentration

Answer 30

There is a fixed amount of enzyme but increasing amount of substrate.

Question 31

Enzyme concentration

Answer 31

There is a fixed amount of substrate but an increasing amount of enzyme

Question 32

Allosteric site

Answer 32

site where the allosteric inhibitor binds to the enzyme

Question 33

Allosteric inhibitor

Answer 33

Inhibitor that is non competitive, does not compete with substrate but binds to enzymes allosteric site.

Question 34

What happens if body temp. goes beyond the optimum?

Answer 34

Enzymes starts to denature

Question 35

Can enzymes that are denatured, renature?

Answer 35

Yes, only sometimes, not always possible