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Biology > Reproduction in Humans > Flashcards

Reproduction in Humans Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does asexual reproduction involve

A

only one individual (identical offspring)

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2
Q

what does sexual reproduction involve

A

two gametes from different parents, later fuse to form a zygote, genetically unique individual –> undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo

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3
Q

when do sex organs in humans begin to mature and become active

A

puberty

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4
Q

where does the male reproductive system produce sperm

A

testes

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5
Q

where do the sperm travel from male testes and how do they make semen

A

to the penis in the sperm duct, with secretions from the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland making semen

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6
Q

where does the female reproductive system release mature ova from developing follicles in the menstrual cycle

A

ovaries

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7
Q

what is the point of fertilisation/conception

A

when one sperm penetrates the ovum in the fallopian tubes

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8
Q

how long does it take for the fertilised ovum to grow and mature into a fully developed foetus ready for birth

A

40 weeks (9 months)

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9
Q

does asexual reproduction involve mitosis

A

yes

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10
Q

does the number of chromosomes in the cells remain the same in asexual reproduction

A

yes, producing many identical offspring

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11
Q

what happens to organisms if the environment changes that have been asexually reproduced

A

the lack of variety in their genetic make-up will mean that they are unlikely to survive

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12
Q

does sexual reproduction involve meiosis

A

yes

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13
Q

in sexual reproduction does the number of chromosomes halved when the gametes are formed

A

yes

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14
Q

offspring formed from sexual reproduction contains a mixture of what

A

genetic information from both different parents –> genetic variety comes from this

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15
Q

what takes place on a male during puberty

A
  • growth of penis + testes
  • growth of facial + body hair
  • muscle development
  • voice breaking
  • sperm production starts
  • increase body mass
  • increased sexual drive
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16
Q

what hormones control male puberty

A

FSH, LH, testosterone

17
Q

FSH stimulates … while LH stimulates the testes to produce the male … testosterone causes the development of the male secondary …

A

sperm production
sex hormone testosterone
sexual characteristics

18
Q

what takes place on a female during puberty

A
  • development of breasts
  • development of body hair
  • beginning of the menstrual cycle (period)
  • development and growth of sexual organs
  • increased body mass (hips)
  • voice depends without ‘breaking’
  • increased sexual drive
19
Q

what hormones control female puberty

A

FSH, LH, oestrogen, progesterone

20
Q

FSH and LH are released by the … FSH stimulates the development of … in the ovaries. they also interacts with the female sex hormones …

A

pituitary gland
mature ova
oestrogen and progesterone

21
Q

what happens when the sperm has reached the ovum

A

its nucleus must enter the ovum and fuse with the ovum nucleus, once the sperm has broken through the membrane of the egg, to ensure no more sperm get in an extra membrane (fertilisation membrane) quickly forms which is extra strong

22
Q

what is a zygote

A

something made up of two gametes, formed by fertilisation and has a full number of chromosomes (46)

23
Q

after the zygote is formed how to does it divide and multiply to create a foetus

A

via mitosis, but certain cells become specialised in order to avoid a mass ball of cells

24
Q

once the zygote has begun to develop into an embryo and implanted itself into the lining of the uterus what will it start to develop

A

a placenta

25
Q

what does the placenta on an embryo do

A

allows it to obtain materials such as oxygen and nutrients from the mothers blood and discharge materials such as urea and carbon dioxide

26
Q

what does the embryo secrete to maintain the pregnancy and sport it aborting itself

A

female hormones especially progesterone

27
Q

what encloses the developing embryo in the uterus to protect it from knocks and bumps

A

amnion which secretes a fluid called amniotic fluid

Biology (21 decks)

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