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Biology > Energy Flow in Ecosystems > Flashcards

Energy Flow in Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

factors of an abiotic environment

A
  • sunlight
  • wind
  • air composition
  • temperature
  • minerals
  • water
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2
Q

factors of a biotic environment

A
  • producers
  • consumers
  • decomposers
  • competition
  • predation
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3
Q 
give equivalents for the following of a usual food chain:
TL1 
TL2 
TL3 
TL4
A
  • producer
  • primary consumer/herbivore/prey
  • secondary consumer/carnivore/prey and predator
  • tertiary consumer/rop carnivore/predator
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4
Q

what is the study of living things and their interactions with each other and their environment

A

ecology

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5
Q

what is a self-supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment

A

ecosystem

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6
Q

place within an ecosystem where specific organisms live

A

habitat

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7
Q

all of the organisms of a particular species found in an ecosystem

A

population

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8
Q

all the different species living in an ecosystem

A

community

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9
Q

the struggle fore resources

A

competition

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10
Q

all the non-biological components of the ecosystem including water, air temp etc

A

a physical environment

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11
Q

organism is an ecosystem that can make their own food through photosynthesis

A

producer

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12
Q

organism in an ecosystem that obtains energy by feeding on producers

A

primary consumer

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13
Q

organism in an ecosystem that obtains energy by feeding on primary consumer

A

secondary consumer

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14
Q

animal that feeds on plants

A

herbivore

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15
Q

animal hunted and killed by another for food

A

prey

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16
Q

animal that feeds on other animals

A

carnivore

17
Q

animal that preys on other animals

A

predator

18
Q

animal that has no natural predators

A

top carnivore

19
Q

organism that decompose organic material

A

decomposer

20
Q

organism that feeds on decaying organic material

A

detritivore

21
Q

shows simple feeding relationships within an ecosystem

A

food chain

22
Q

shows complex feeding relationships within an ecosystem

A

food web

23
Q

stage in a food chain

A

trophic level

24
Q

represents the number or organisms in each trophic level in a food chain (irrespective of their mass)

A

pyramids of numbers

25
Q

represents the total madd of the organisms in each trophic lever (irrespective of their number)

A

pyramids of biomass

26
Q

shows the energy transferred through each tropic level in a food chain

A

pyramids of energy transfer

27
Q

a square frame with a measured grid of wire within it used for systematic sampling of organisms

A

quadrat

28
Q

when making food chain pyramids what must you do

A

use a ruler, must be to scale and label the bares

29
Q

how is energy lost in each stage of the food chain

A
  • not all eaten
  • not all digested and absorbed
  • some lost in excretion
  • some used in growth and reproduction
  • some lost in respiration to release energy (heat/movement)
30
Q

how do plants survive if shadowed by tall trees

A

can absorb light at different wavelengths and absorb nutrients via the soil and decomposed matter

31
Q

why do we do sample populations

A

difficult to count all organisms, they move around, time consuming, impractical

32
Q

define a farm

A

a managed ecosystem

33
Q

define a pest

A

organisms that reduce the yield of crops or farm animals (pests include some plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and viruses)

34
Q

4 ways for pests to be controlled

A

1) herbicides –> kill weeds
2) insecticides –> kill insects
3) fungicides –> kill fungi
4) molluscicides –> kill molluscs

35
Q

advantages of pest control

A

higher crop yield

cheaper in the long run

36
Q

disadvantages of pest control

A 
eutrophication
expensive
effects soil nutrition
resistance build up/immunity
bioaccumulation
37
Q

what is bioaccumulation/magnification

A

pesticides stored in fatty tissues of animals

pesticide concentration increases in animal tissues

38
Q

3 advantages of fish farming

A

fish are protected from predators and disease
meets demands
selective breeding programmes can improve quality of fish
water quality can be carefully monitored

39
Q

3 disadvantages of fish farming

A

overuse of antibiotics
pollution of water from faeces and food pellets –> eutrophication?
spread of disease more likely

Biology (21 decks)

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