Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Question 1

factors of an abiotic environment

Answer 1

• sunlight
• wind
• air composition
• temperature
• minerals
• water

Question 2

factors of a biotic environment

Answer 2

• producers
• consumers
• decomposers
• competition
• predation

Question 3

give equivalents for the following of a usual food chain:
TL1 
TL2 
TL3 
TL4

Answer 3

• producer
• primary consumer/herbivore/prey
• secondary consumer/carnivore/prey and predator
• tertiary consumer/rop carnivore/predator

Question 4

what is the study of living things and their interactions with each other and their environment

Answer 4

ecology

Question 5

what is a self-supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment

Answer 5

ecosystem

Question 6

place within an ecosystem where specific organisms live

Answer 6

habitat

Question 7

all of the organisms of a particular species found in an ecosystem

Answer 7

population

Question 8

all the different species living in an ecosystem

Answer 8

community

Question 9

the struggle fore resources

Answer 9

competition

Question 10

all the non-biological components of the ecosystem including water, air temp etc

Answer 10

a physical environment

Question 11

organism is an ecosystem that can make their own food through photosynthesis

Answer 11

producer

Question 12

organism in an ecosystem that obtains energy by feeding on producers

Answer 12

primary consumer

Question 13

organism in an ecosystem that obtains energy by feeding on primary consumer

Answer 13

secondary consumer

Question 14

animal that feeds on plants

Answer 14

herbivore

Question 15

animal hunted and killed by another for food

Answer 15

prey

Question 16

animal that feeds on other animals

Answer 16

carnivore

Question 17

animal that preys on other animals

Answer 17

predator

Question 18

animal that has no natural predators

Answer 18

top carnivore

Question 19

organism that decompose organic material

Answer 19

decomposer

Question 20

organism that feeds on decaying organic material

Answer 20

detritivore

Question 21

shows simple feeding relationships within an ecosystem

Answer 21

food chain

Question 22

shows complex feeding relationships within an ecosystem

Answer 22

food web

Question 23

stage in a food chain

Answer 23

trophic level

Question 24

represents the number or organisms in each trophic level in a food chain (irrespective of their mass)

Answer 24

pyramids of numbers

Question 25

represents the total madd of the organisms in each trophic lever (irrespective of their number)

Answer 25

pyramids of biomass

Question 26

shows the energy transferred through each tropic level in a food chain

Answer 26

pyramids of energy transfer

Question 27

a square frame with a measured grid of wire within it used for systematic sampling of organisms

Answer 27

quadrat

Question 28

when making food chain pyramids what must you do

Answer 28

use a ruler, must be to scale and label the bares

Question 29

how is energy lost in each stage of the food chain

Answer 29

- not all eaten - not all digested and absorbed - some lost in excretion - some used in growth and reproduction - some lost in respiration to release energy (heat/movement)

Question 30

how do plants survive if shadowed by tall trees

Answer 30

can absorb light at different wavelengths and absorb nutrients via the soil and decomposed matter

Question 31

why do we do sample populations

Answer 31

difficult to count all organisms, they move around, time consuming, impractical

Question 32

define a farm

Answer 32

a managed ecosystem

Question 33

define a pest

Answer 33

organisms that reduce the yield of crops or farm animals (pests include some plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and viruses)

Question 34

4 ways for pests to be controlled

Answer 34

1) herbicides --> kill weeds 2) insecticides --> kill insects 3) fungicides --> kill fungi 4) molluscicides --> kill molluscs

Question 35

advantages of pest control

Answer 35

higher crop yield | cheaper in the long run

Question 36

disadvantages of pest control

Answer 36

``` eutrophication expensive effects soil nutrition resistance build up/immunity bioaccumulation ```

Question 37

what is bioaccumulation/magnification

Answer 37

pesticides stored in fatty tissues of animals | pesticide concentration increases in animal tissues

Question 38

3 advantages of fish farming

Answer 38

fish are protected from predators and disease meets demands selective breeding programmes can improve quality of fish water quality can be carefully monitored

Question 39

3 disadvantages of fish farming

Answer 39

overuse of antibiotics pollution of water from faeces and food pellets --> eutrophication? spread of disease more likely