Coordination and response: chemical coordination

Question 1

what is chemical coordination brought about by

Answer 1

hormones

Question 2

what are hormones secreted into the blood by

Answer 2

special endocrine glands

Question 3

what does adrenalin hormone prepare your body for

Answer 3

fight or flight

Question 4

what controls and monitors your blood glucose concentration

Answer 4

pancreas

Question 5

what hormone helps control your blood sugar concentration

Answer 5

insulin –> converts glucose to glycogen

Question 6

where is the pituitary gland situated in your body

Answer 6

brain

Question 7

where is your thyroid gland situated in your body

Answer 7

throat

Question 8

where are your adrenal glands situated in your body

Answer 8

above your kidneys

Question 9

where is your pancreas situated in your body

Answer 9

at the bottom of your kidneys

Question 10

what do endocrine glands make

Answer 10

hormones which are released directly into the blood

Question 11

when hormones are secreted into the blood what happens

Answer 11

they are carried around the body in the bloodstream to the target organs that they affect

Question 12

explain the function of FSH secreted by the pituitary gland

Answer 12

stimulates egg development and oestrogen secretion in females and sperm production in males

Question 13

explain the function of LH secreted by the pituitary gland

Answer 13

stimulates egg release (ovulation) in females and testosterone production in males

Question 14

explain the function of ADH secreted by the pituitary gland

Answer 14

controls the water content off the blood

Question 15

explain the function of GH secreted by the pituitary gland

Answer 15

speeds up the rate of growth and development in children

Question 16

explain the function of thyroxin secreted by the thyroid gland

Answer 16

controls the body’s metabolic rate

Question 17

explain the function of insulin glucagon secreted by the pancreas gland

Answer 17

lowers/raises blood glucose

Question 18

explain the function of adrenaline secreted by the adrenals

Answer 18

prepares body for physical activity

Question 19

explain the function of testosterone secreted by the testes

Answer 19

controls development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 20

explain the function of oestrogen secreted by the ovaries

Answer 20

controls development of female secondary sexual characteristics

Question 21

explain the function of progesterone secreted by the ovaries

Answer 21

regulates menstrual cycle

Question 22

what does the secretion of adrenaline do to your body:

Answer 22

• increases breathing rate/depth
• increases heart rate/volume sending more blood to muscles for respiration
• blood diverted from digestive system to muscles
• glycogen in liver converted to glucose in the blood
• mental awareness/speed of reaction increase –> pupils dilate
• body hair stands on ends

Question 23

with these facts about the nervous system, give the equivalent for the hormonal control:

• electrical messages travel along neurones
• chemical messages travel across synapses
• messages travel fast
• messages usually have a rapid effect
• usually a short-lived response
• nerve impulses affect individual cells e.g. muscle cells, so have a very localised effect

Answer 23

• chemical messages travel in the blood
• messages are transported slightly more slowly in the blood - minutes rather than milliseconds
• only chemical messages are involved
• they often take longer to have an effect
• effects are often widespread in the body, affecting any organ or tissue with the correct receptors
• effects are often long lasting