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Biology > Exchange Of Materials - Respiratory > Flashcards

Exchange Of Materials - Respiratory Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system

A

Gas exchange

  • uptake of O2 for respiration
  • release of CO2 as a waste product
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1
Q

Diffusion is only efficient with….. SA/V

A

Large

ie a cell (not a body)

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2
Q

Label the structure of the respiratory system using:

A

Pleural membrane, nasal cavity, oral cavity, nostrils, larynx (voice box), trachea (wind pipe), bronchi, lung, diaphragm, pharynx, alveoli, bronchioles

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3
Q

Label an alveoli using:

A

Branch of pulmonary vein, branch of pulmonary artery, terminal bronchiole, alveoli, blood capillaries

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4
Q

Look at gas exchange in the alveoli

A

In biology folder

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5
Q

How is SA adapted in the respiratory system adapted for efficient gas exchange

A

Large, to absorb O2 and excrete CO2

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6
Q

How is Concentration gradient adapted in the respiratory system adapted for efficient gas exchange

A

Maintained by constant flow of blood past the alveoli, diffusion doesn’t stop as flowing past

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7
Q

How is diffusion distance adapted in the respiratory system adapted for efficient gas exchange

A

Thin walls to make it quicker for substances to easily pass into and out of the blood

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8
Q

How is the respiratory system adapted to make for efficient gas exchange in other ways

A

Alveoli are prevented from collapsing/closing

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9
Q

The right lung is made up of …. Lobes and the left lung is made up of ….

A

3

2

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10
Q

What are the two tree like structures in each lung and explain their function

A

The airway tree which brings air to the respiratory surface
The vascular tree which brings blood to the respiratory surface
(Blood flow is always matched to air flow)

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11
Q

The lung trees ensure …. Exchange of … And … Happens, whether it be during exercise or recovering from exercise, the … And …. Rate both … Or …. Together

A 
Efficient
CO2
O2
Heart
Breathing
Increase
Decrease
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12
Q

What exchange occurs in the alveolus

A

Gaseous

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13
Q

Alveoli have … SA

A

Enormous

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14
Q

The pulmonary capillaries form a … Network which is embedded in the alveolar wall

A

Dense

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15
Q

The capillary bed is complex and provides a …… Of possible routes for the …. To travel in each ….. Wall

A

Large number
Blood
Alveolar

16
Q

The diameter of the capillaries in the alveolus is about …. As that of the ….. Cells themselves. This forces them to pass through the capillaries in….

A

The same
Red blood
Single file

17
Q

Alveolar ….. Move … Across the surface of the alveolus. They are highly …. And remove inhaled dust parricles.

A

Macrophages
Freely
Phagocytic

18
Q

Concentration gradients of O2 and CO2 need to remain at a … Level in order for the rapid exchange of gases between the alveolar air and blood to occur

A

High

19
Q

Air in the alveolus has a … Concentration of oxygen whereas the concentration of it in the alveolar capillaries is ….

A

High

Low

20
Q

As diffusion takes place, the concentration gradient of oxygen in the alveolar air starts to … And if nothing combated this diffusion would become increasingly …

A

Fall

Slower

21
Q

To maintain exchange at maximum efficiency, the air in the alveolus is … and … before the diffusion rate significantly starts to … This process is exactly …. For CO2

A

Exhaled
Replace
Slow
Reverse

22
Q

Ventilation

A

The process of breathing in and out

23
Q

Label a rib cage using external and internal intercostal muscles

A

Bio workbook

24
Q

Inhalation

A

Breathing in

25
Q

Exhalation

A

Breathing out

26
Q

State the processes which occur while inhaling

A
  • diaphragm contracts (flattens)
  • external intercostal muscles contract
  • ribcage moves out and upwards
  • volume of chest cavity increases
  • lungs expand
  • pressure inside decreases
  • air rushes into lungs to equalise pressure
27
Q

State the processes which occur while exhaling

A
  • diaphragm relaxes (moves upward)
  • internal intercostal muscles relax
  • rib cage moves down and inward
  • volume of chest cavity decreases
  • lung volume decreases
  • pressure inside lungs increases
  • air flows out of lungs due to high pressure
28
Q

What are the two effects exercise has on ventilation

A

1) increase in ventilation rate (breath more frequently)

2) increase in tidal volume (breathe more deeply)

29
Q

What are the short term effects of smoking

A
  • smelly hair
  • smelly breath
  • stained teeth
  • stained fingers
  • less oxygen to the brain
  • more coughs/colds
  • shortness of breath
30
Q

What are the long term effects of smoking

A
  • gum disease and tooth loss
  • heart disease
  • decreased fertility
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • stroke
  • mouth/throat/lung cancer
  • emphysema
  • chronic bronchitis
  • stomach/pancreatic cancer

Biology (21 decks)

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