Exchange Of Materials - Respiratory Flashcards
What is the function of the respiratory system
Gas exchange
- uptake of O2 for respiration
- release of CO2 as a waste product
Diffusion is only efficient with….. SA/V
Large
ie a cell (not a body)
Label the structure of the respiratory system using:
Pleural membrane, nasal cavity, oral cavity, nostrils, larynx (voice box), trachea (wind pipe), bronchi, lung, diaphragm, pharynx, alveoli, bronchioles
Label an alveoli using:
Branch of pulmonary vein, branch of pulmonary artery, terminal bronchiole, alveoli, blood capillaries
Look at gas exchange in the alveoli
In biology folder
How is SA adapted in the respiratory system adapted for efficient gas exchange
Large, to absorb O2 and excrete CO2
How is Concentration gradient adapted in the respiratory system adapted for efficient gas exchange
Maintained by constant flow of blood past the alveoli, diffusion doesn’t stop as flowing past
How is diffusion distance adapted in the respiratory system adapted for efficient gas exchange
Thin walls to make it quicker for substances to easily pass into and out of the blood
How is the respiratory system adapted to make for efficient gas exchange in other ways
Alveoli are prevented from collapsing/closing
The right lung is made up of …. Lobes and the left lung is made up of ….
3
2
What are the two tree like structures in each lung and explain their function
The airway tree which brings air to the respiratory surface
The vascular tree which brings blood to the respiratory surface
(Blood flow is always matched to air flow)
The lung trees ensure …. Exchange of … And … Happens, whether it be during exercise or recovering from exercise, the … And …. Rate both … Or …. Together
Efficient CO2 O2 Heart Breathing Increase Decrease
What exchange occurs in the alveolus
Gaseous
Alveoli have … SA
Enormous
The pulmonary capillaries form a … Network which is embedded in the alveolar wall
Dense
The capillary bed is complex and provides a …… Of possible routes for the …. To travel in each ….. Wall
Large number
Blood
Alveolar
The diameter of the capillaries in the alveolus is about …. As that of the ….. Cells themselves. This forces them to pass through the capillaries in….
The same
Red blood
Single file
Alveolar ….. Move … Across the surface of the alveolus. They are highly …. And remove inhaled dust parricles.
Macrophages
Freely
Phagocytic
Concentration gradients of O2 and CO2 need to remain at a … Level in order for the rapid exchange of gases between the alveolar air and blood to occur
High
Air in the alveolus has a … Concentration of oxygen whereas the concentration of it in the alveolar capillaries is ….
High
Low
As diffusion takes place, the concentration gradient of oxygen in the alveolar air starts to … And if nothing combated this diffusion would become increasingly …
Fall
Slower
To maintain exchange at maximum efficiency, the air in the alveolus is … and … before the diffusion rate significantly starts to … This process is exactly …. For CO2
Exhaled
Replace
Slow
Reverse
Ventilation
The process of breathing in and out
Label a rib cage using external and internal intercostal muscles
Bio workbook
Inhalation
Breathing in
Exhalation
Breathing out
State the processes which occur while inhaling
- diaphragm contracts (flattens)
- external intercostal muscles contract
- ribcage moves out and upwards
- volume of chest cavity increases
- lungs expand
- pressure inside decreases
- air rushes into lungs to equalise pressure
State the processes which occur while exhaling
- diaphragm relaxes (moves upward)
- internal intercostal muscles relax
- rib cage moves down and inward
- volume of chest cavity decreases
- lung volume decreases
- pressure inside lungs increases
- air flows out of lungs due to high pressure
What are the two effects exercise has on ventilation
1) increase in ventilation rate (breath more frequently)
2) increase in tidal volume (breathe more deeply)
What are the short term effects of smoking
- smelly hair
- smelly breath
- stained teeth
- stained fingers
- less oxygen to the brain
- more coughs/colds
- shortness of breath
What are the long term effects of smoking
- gum disease and tooth loss
- heart disease
- decreased fertility
- peripheral vascular disease
- stroke
- mouth/throat/lung cancer
- emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
- stomach/pancreatic cancer
