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Biology > Exchange Of Materials - Heart, Blood, Vessels > Flashcards

Exchange Of Materials - Heart, Blood, Vessels Flashcards

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0
Q

Our body needs to pump blood to…

A
  • get oxygen to ourselves
  • move nutrients
  • move waste
  • move hormones
  • help fight disease
  • help stabalise body temperature
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1
Q

We need a … System because diffusion isn’t efficient enough for our whole body

A

Circulatory

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2
Q

Name the three components of the circulatory system

A

Heart - the pump
Blood - transport medium
Blood vessels - transport route

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3
Q

What do veins do

A

Gets the blood back to the heart

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4
Q

What do arteries do

A

Gets blood taken away from the heart

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5
Q

Label the right and left sides of a heart

A

Workbook

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6
Q

The left side of the heart has a … Muscular wall because it has to pump the blood …

A

Thicker

Further

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7
Q

List the circulatory system in order from the lungs

A

Lungs - pulmonary vein - heart (left atrium, valve, left ventricle, valve) - aorta - body (hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, renal artery, renal vein, hepatic vein) - vena cava from both enter points - heart (both entering points meet in the middle at the right atrium, valve, right ventricle, valve) - pulmonary artery - lungs

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8
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Transports blood to and from the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 with air

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9
Q

Systematic circulation

A

Transports blood to and from the body to exchange O2 and CO2 with body cells

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10
Q

Aorta

A

Carries blood from heart to the body (oxygenated)

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11
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries blood from lungs to heart (oxygenated)

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12
Q

Vena cava

A

Carries deoxygenated blood through the heart from the body

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13
Q

How blood flows through the heart

A

Diastole: heart muscle completely relaxed, blood flows into atria
Atrial system: atrial contract, AV valves open, blood flows into ventricles
Ventricular systole: ventricles contract, AV valves closed, blood flows out of ventricles

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14
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carries the blood from the heart to the lungs (deoxygenated)

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15
Q

Heart rate

A

Beats per minute

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16
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped per beat

17
Q

Effects exercise has on the heart

A
  • increases heart rate
  • muscles need more energy
  • rate of respiration increases
  • more oxygen and glucose needed
  • heart rate and force of beat increase
18
Q

Effects stress has on the heart

A
  • increases heart rate
  • fight or flight response
  • adrenaline causes heart to beat faster
19
Q

4 ways the body controls heart rate

A
  • osmoreceptors in the aorta sense CO2 levels
  • cardiac centre in the medulla (part of brain) receives information via sensory nerve
  • cardiac centre sends nerve impulses via accelerator or decelerator nerves
  • pacemaker reacts and increases/decreases heart rate and force of heart beat therefore blood pressure increases/decreases
20
Q

Effects of adrenalin on heart rate

A

Adrenaline released from the adrenal glands stimulates the pacemaker to increase heart rate

21
Q

Coronary heart disease

A
  • blockage of coronary artery
  • blood supply to area of heart muscle cut off
  • less O2 and glucose reaches heart muscle
  • area of heart muscle cannot respire leading to a heart attack (angina)
22
Q

Artery

A
  • heart to organs
  • high blood pressure
  • arterial blood (red)
  • small lumen lining
  • thick wall with muscle fibres and elastic tissue
  • no valves
23
Q

Vein

A
  • organs to heart
  • low blood pressure
  • venous blood (deep purple/blue)
  • large lumen lining
  • thin wall with little muscle and elastic tissue
  • with valves
24
Q

Capillary

A
  • carry blood through organs
  • medium blood pressure
  • thin walls
  • very small lumen lining (single file)
  • no valves
25
Q

Capillaries take away waste materials from body cells, how

A

Artery - capillary puts O2 and glucose into cell - capillary takes away urea and CO2 from cells - vein

26
Q

Why do veins have valves

A

To prevent back flow

27
Q

Why are capillaries walls only 1 cell layer thick

A

In order to let diffusion to occur fast

28
Q

Why do arteries have muscular walls

A

To maintain high blood pressure

29
Q

What is the main function of the placenta in the womb

A

To provide oxygen and nutrients to the foetus and remove waste products like CO2

30
Q

How does oxygen pass from the mother to the baby

A

O2 is absorbed from the intervillous space

Blood arrives via the endometrial arteries

31
Q

What other functions does the placenta have

A

It provides a stable connection with the mother and produces hormones which stop menstruation

32
Q

Why is it important that the mother and foetus’ blood supply don’t mix

A

The mothers blood may have bacteria or viruses which could harm the baby

33
Q

Why is a pregnant woman smoking dangerous

A

As carbon monoxide can reach the developing foetus thus the foetus has less oxygen to grow

34
Q

Composition of blood

A

Plasma (55%)
White blood cells
Red blood cells

35
Q

Plasma ingredients/function

A
  • to transport substances around the blood
  • water(80%)
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • CO2
  • urea
  • proteins (antibodies, hormones, clotting factors)
36
Q

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

A
  • phagocytes (ingest pathogens)

- lymphocytes (produce antibodies)

37
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

Involves in blood clotting

38
Q

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

A
  • haemoglobin (transport of oxygen and haemoglobin [oxyhaemoglobin])
  • no nucleus (more space for haemoglobin)
  • biconcave shape (large SAV and short diffusion distance)
  • thin membrane (short diffusion distance)
39
Q

Sickle cell anaemia

A

Inherited condition

Prevents carrying of oxygen

40
Q

Harmophilia

A

Blood doesn’t clot properly

Lose more blood

Biology (21 decks)

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