Coordination and response: The nervous system

Question 1

label a diagram of the

Answer 1

eye

Question 2

what do sensory neurones do

Answer 2

carry information from the sense organs too the CNS

Question 3

what do motor neurones do

Answer 3

carry instructions from the CNS to the effector organs (muscles/glands)

Question 4

what do neurones carry

Answer 4

electrical impulses

Question 5

what are the junctions between neurones called

Answer 5

synapses

Question 6

what does a nerve contain

Answer 6

neurone such as sensory nerves, motor nerves and mixed nerves

Question 7

do reflex actions involve conscious though

Answer 7

no

Question 8

what do reflex actions involve

Answer 8

stimulus –> receptor –> sensory neurone –> relay neurone in CNS –> motor neurone –> effector –> response

Question 9

what do sense organs detect

Answer 9

changes inside and outside your body

Question 10

what does the pupil reflex control

Answer 10

the amount of light coming into your eye

Question 11

what does your CNS contain

Answer 11

spinal cord and the brain

Question 12

what does the central nervous system give you

Answer 12

rapid responses to changes in your environment (stimuli)

Question 13

what type of nervous system runs all over your body

Answer 13

peripheral nervous system (made up of spinal nerves and cranial nerves)

Question 14

what is an individual nerve cell called

Answer 14

neurone

Question 15

what happens at a synapse (the tiny gaps in between neurones)

Answer 15

the electrical nerve impulse that is being carried cannot cross the synapse so chemical transmitters are released, they diffuse across the gap and when they reach the next neurone, they bind to receptors on the membrane and a new impulse starts up

Question 16

label a motor and sensory neurone

Answer 16

printed out

Question 17

how does your brain understand a reflex action that has just taken place

Answer 17

impulses travel to your conscious brain which make you aware of what has happened in the reflex reaction, such as taking your hand quickly away from a hot object

Question 18

what is an example of a spinal reflex

Answer 18

knee-jerk reflex

Question 19

what is an example of a cranial reflex

Answer 19

pupil reflex

Question 20

what are the main sense organs

Answer 20

• eye (vision)
• ear (hearing and balance)
• tongue (taste)
• nose (smell)
• skin (touch, pressure, temperature and pain)
• muscles (stretch receptors)

Question 21

all receptors are what of energy

Answer 21

transducers

Question 22

what is it called when your lens changes shape to focus your eye

Answer 22

accommodation

Question 23

what happens to the lens when you look at distant objects to your eye

Answer 23

the ciliary muscles relax and the suspensory ligaments pull tight, the lens goes thin as the light needs to be bent to focus on the retina

Question 24

what happens to the lens when you look at close objects to your eye

Answer 24

the ciliary muscles contract and the suspensor ligaments go slack, the lens widens and goes more spherical as the light needs to bend much more to be focused on the retina

Question 25

what controls the amount of light that enters your eyes

Answer 25

iris and pupil reflex

Question 26

what does the pupil do in dim light

Answer 26

enlarges (dilates) to let as much light as possible into the light

Question 27

what does the pupil do in bright light

Answer 27

gets smaller (constricts) to protect the retina from damage

Question 28

sequence of events in the eye reflex is as follows

Answer 28

stimulus (light intensity) --> retina (receptor) --> sensory neurones in optic nerve --> unconscious part of brain --> motor neurones in nerve to iris --> iris muscles (effector) --> response (change in size of pupil)

Question 29

what happens to the iris in bright light

Answer 29

circular muscles contract and iris gets bigger

Question 30

what happens to the iris in dim light

Answer 30

radial muscles contract and iris gets smaller

Question 31

what in our brain controls our conscious thought

Answer 31

cerebrum

Question 32

what in our brain is involved in coordination and balance

Answer 32

cerebellum

Question 33

what in our brain controls basic bodily functions

Answer 33

medulla

Question 34

what in our brain are involved in the chemical control of our body

Answer 34

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 35

in our eye what contains receptor cells that are sensitive to light

Answer 35

retina

Question 36

in our eye what is the tough white outer layer

Answer 36

sclera

Question 37

in our eye what muscle changes the size of the pupil

Answer 37

iris

Question 38

in our eye is curved and os the transparent area at the front of the eye

Answer 38

cornea

Question 39

in our eye what focuses the image on the retina

Answer 39

choroid

Question 40

in our eye what sensory neurones carry impulses from the retina to the brain

Answer 40

optic nerve

Question 41

in our eye what is the hole that allows light into the eye

Answer 41

pupil

Question 42

in our eye what changes the shape of the lens

Answer 42

ciliary muscles

Question 43

in our eye what attaches the ciliary muscles to the lens

Answer 43

suspensory ligaments