Repro1c

Question 1

Cause of erectile dysfunction for which Viagra doesn’t work?

Answer 1

No cavernosal nerve. Any nervous problem.

Question 2

What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?

Answer 2

a. cryptochordism
b. family Hx
c. personal Hx
d. intratubular germ cell neoplasia

Question 3

What are the tumor serology markers?

Answer 3

pure seminoma: never AFP
choriocarcinoma: beta-HCG
yolk sac: AFP
embryonal: secretes both bHCG and AFP

Question 4

How do McCune-Albright happen?

Answer 4

Autonomous ovarian function of the FSH receptors.

Question 5

LH acts on what to make what?

Answer 5

Theca cells to make androgen from cholesterol.

Question 6

FSH works on what to make what?

Answer 6

Works on granulosa cells to make estrogen out of androgen.

Question 7

What are the classifications of contraception?

Answer 7

a. barrier
b. oral
c. IUD
d. hysteroscopic sterilization

Question 8

What are other benefits to OCPs?

Answer 8

a. acne control
b. lowered risk of colon, endometrial and ovarian cancer
c. increase bone density
d. treats pelvic pain
e. decrease PID

Question 9

What are the risks of OCPs?

Answer 9

a. increase in venous thrombosis

Question 10

Absolute contraindications to OCPs?

Answer 10

a. Hx of thromboembolism
b. Hx of breast cancer
c. smoker > 35y/o
d. diabetes with vessel damage
e. uncontrolled HTN
f. severe hyperlipidemia
g. migraines with aura
h. > 6 week post partum

Question 11

What are 5 causes of primary amenorrhea?

Answer 11

a. Turner’s
b. MRKH
c. Imperforate hymen
d. Vaginal septum
e. CAH
f. AIS

Question 12

What is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea?

Answer 12

Turner’s

Question 13

Where do the hormones act?

Answer 13

protein: cell surface
steroid: internal receptors and act as transcription factors

Question 14

What patients won’t you kill by giving HRT? What are the indications?

Answer 14

Young women who receive HRT at the onset of menopause may have a reduce CVD. Women with premature menopause can use HRT at least until the age of natural menopause (51 y/o). It is appropriate to use as prevention against osteoporosis in women under 60 or within 10 years of menopause.

Question 15

What are the 4 stages of labor?

Answer 15

1. onset- dilation 10cm
2. fully dilated to delivery- should be no more than 3-4 hours
3. delivery of baby to delivery of placenta- ~30mins
4. recovery- 6-8 weeks

Question 16

What drug increases libido in men, and can also be used in women?

Answer 16

Clomiphene Citrate. It’s an estrogen receptor blocker.

Question 17

What is the primary imagine modality for female reproductive tract?

Answer 17

US. It has no ionizing radiation.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of a hemorrhagic ovarian cyst?

Answer 18

Lace-like echogenic pattern of fibrin strands

Question 19

What increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 19

Previous tubal or abdominal surgery, previous ectopic pregnancy, PID, infertility, current smoker.

IUDs don’t increase chance of ectopic, but if you get pregnant, it is more likely to be ectopic.

Question 20

What are the signs of pre-eclampsia?

Answer 20

a. HTN

b. HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets)

Question 21

What is the generic name of a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor?

Answer 21

Finasteride