Heme2(drugs)

Question 1

5-FU: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 1

mech: pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA synth
use: lots of cancers (not specific to leukemia or lymphoma)
tox: myelopsuppression, hand and foot

Question 2

What are antimetabolites?

Answer 2

They all inhibit DNA synthesis.

Ex: methotrexate, 5-FU, 6-MP, cytarabine

Question 3

What is a side effect of CYTarabine?

Answer 3

panCYTopenia

Question 4

What do antitumor Abx do?

Answer 4

Fuck up DNA synth with free radicals.

Question 5

Doxorubicin: mech, use and tox

Answer 5

mech: makes free radicals, topo II inhibitor
use: leukemias, lymphomas
tox: cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression

Question 6

Bleomycin: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 6

mech: makes free radicals
use: Hodgkin lymphoma
tox: PULMONARY FIBROSIS

Question 7

Methotrexate: mech, use, and toxicity

Answer 7

mech: folic acid analog that inhibits DNA synthesis.
use: lymphomas, leukemias
tox: myelosuppression

Question 8

What type of drug is cyclophosphamide?

Answer 8

alkylating agent

Question 9

Cyclophosphamide: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 9

mech: covalently x-link DNA at guanine at N-7
use: leukemia, lymphoma
tox: myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cyst

Question 10

What are the two microtubule inhibitors?

Answer 10

a. vincristine

b. paclitaxel (and other taxols)

Question 11

What’s the difference between vincristine and paclitaxel? What do they have in common?

Answer 11

vincristine: inhibits polymerization
taxols: hyperstabilize

in common: they both work in M phase.

Question 12

vincristine: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 12

mech: inhibit polymerization of tubulin
use: leuks, lymphomas
tox: neurotoxicity

Question 13

taxols: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 13

mech: hyperstabilize
use: ovarian and breast carcinomas
tox: myelosuppression, alopecia, and hypersensitivity

Question 14

Cisplatin: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 14

mech: cross-link DNA
use: testicular, bladder, ovary and carcinomas
tox: nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage, renal toxicity

Question 15

Imatinib: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 15

mech: tyrosine kinase inhibitor or BCR-ABL
use: CML
tox: fluid retention

Question 16

Rituximab: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 16

mech: monoclonal Ab against CD20… most B-cell neoplasms
use: NHL, rheumatoid arthritis
tox: increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 17

Bevacizumab: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 17

mech: monoclonal Ab against VEGF
use: solid tumors
tox: hemorrhage and impaired wound healing

Question 18

Hydroxyurea: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 18

mech: inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreases DNA synth in S phase
use: CML, sickle cell
tox: bone marrow suppression

Question 19

Tamoxifen: mechanism, use, and toxicity

Answer 19

mech: selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
use: breast cancers
tox: skeletal toxicity and increased risk for endometrial cancer

Question 20

What is Thalidomide used to treat?

Answer 20

MM

Question 21

What is Bortezomib used for?

Answer 21

Treating MM, it’s a reversible inhibitor of 26S Proteasome.