Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med School: Semester 2 > Lung 2a > Flashcards

Lung 2a Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathway from antigen to mast cell leading to asthma?

A

allergen > collected by dendritic cell > presented to lymphocyte TH2 > increased IgE, attach to mast cells > primed mast cell explodes on next exposure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is air trapping?

A

Air gets in, but then gets trapped behind mucus and can’t get out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to the FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive disease? Restrictive?

A

Obstructive: down

Restrictive: the same or up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In order to get CO2 out, what must go in?

A

O2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A1AT deficiency leads to what type of alveolar damage?

A

Panacinar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to the DLCO2 with emphysema?

A

It decreases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What two PFTs are the standard for indication of restrictive lung disease?

A

Low FEV1, but normal FEV1/FVC ratio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the difference between hypoxemia and hypoxia?

A

Hypoxemia = low O2 in blood

Hypoxia = low O2 in tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the relationship of PA, Pa, and Pv in the 3 zones of the lung?

A

Zone 1: PA > Pa > Pv

Zone 2: Pa > PA > Pv

Zone 3: Pa > Pv > PA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 Starling forces?

A
  1. Hydrostatic of capillaries = filter out
  2. Oncotic of capillaries = filter in
  3. Hydrostatic of intersitium = filter in
  4. Oncotic of interstitium = filter out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two stages of pulmonary edema?

A
  1. Interstitial: moves fluid out of capillaries, lymphatics have to over-work, but no affect on alveoli (except maybe during exertion)
  2. Alveolar: fluid in alveoli, hypoxemic, dyspneic cough up pink and frothy sputum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 causes for disruption to normal lung fluid balance?

A

a. Increased capillary leakiness (ARDS)
b. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
c. Decreased lymph function
d. Decreased interstitial pressure (releasing penumothorax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the systolic and diastolic pressures of the pulmonary artery?

A

Systole: 15-25mmHg

Diastole: 6-12mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mean pulmonary pressure?

A

< 25mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition of pulmonary hypertension?

A

Mean pulmonary arterial pressure > 25mmHg at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What gene is most related to pulmonary hypertension?

A

BMPR2

17
Q

What are two ways to classify pneumonia?

A
  1. community acquired (less virulent) vs. hospital acquired (more virulent)
  2. opportunistic vs. health care associated
18
Q

What is the most common way of getting pneumonia?

A

Inhaling the bacteria from our own mouths.

19
Q

How does Streptococcus Pyogenes look and stain?

A

Gram+ cocci in pairs.

20
Q

What diseases does Streptococcus Pyogenes cause?

A

Strep throat (acute bacterial pharyngitis), skin infections, scarlet fever, acute glomerulonephritis

21
Q

What are some important things to know about the virulence factor of Streptococcus Pyogenes?

A

a. M protein inhibits activation of compliment

b. can lead to TSS

22
Q

How can you Dx Streptococcus Pyogenes?

A

Can do a rapid test with a throat swab, but must also do a culture to be sure.

23
Q

What causes whooping cough, and how does it stain?

A

small, gram negative bacillus. Bordetella Pertussis.

24
Q

What does Streptococcus Pneumoniae cause?

A

Lobar Pneumonia

25
Q

How does Haemophilus Influenzae look and stain? What meds do we have to treat it?

A

Gram negative, coccobacillus. It is very resistant to penicillin, must use 3rd generation cephalosporin.

26
Q

How does Legionella Pneumophila stain, and where does it reside after it infects a host?

A

Thin aerobic gram negative. It resides in the phagosome, infecting macrophages.

27
Q

What type of antibiotics is Mycoplasma Pneumoniae resistant to? How is it diagnosed?

A

Resistant to beta lactam antibiotics.

Diagnose with PCR.

28
Q

What connective tissue disease is most associated with PAH?

A

Scleroderma.

29
Q

What drug is most associated with PAH?

A

Fen-fen.

30
Q

What are the 5 known conditions associated with PAH?

A
  1. scleroderma (connective tissue disease)
  2. HIV infection
  3. Portal hypertension
  4. Congenital heart disease
  5. Schistosomiasis

Med School: Semester 2 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions