Renate kriser (AKUTTMEDISIN) Flashcards

1
Q

hva er oppgaven til urinsystemet

A

filtrerer blodet og fjerner metabosk avfall 5. styrer væske volum og bt, og elektrolytter og syre-base.

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2
Q

hva er forskjell på ureters og urethra

A

ureters går fra nyrene til blæra

urethra går fra blæren og til do

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3
Q

hvordan er det vanlig at en pasient med nyrestein opptrer

A

Is the patient changing position constantly in an attempt to find a comfortable position (“the kidney stone dance”)?

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4
Q

sykdomsutvikling uvi

A

UTIs display a classic triad of symptoms: painful urination, frequent urges to urinate, and difficulty in urination. The pain usually begins as a visceral discomfort, but soon becomes an extreme, burning pain, especially during urination.
The pain, which remains localized in the pelvis, is often perceived as bladder pain in women and as prostate pain in men. Sometimes the pain is referred to the shoulder or neck. In addition, the urine may have a foul odor or cloudy appearance or may contain blood.

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5
Q

hvordan fremstår en pasient med uvi i nedre urinveier og pyelonephritis or a perinephric abscess

A

Nedre: ofte normale vitalia. kan være rastløse og ukomfortable

øvre: ser klinisk mer dårlig ut, flank tenderness, generally have a fever, and may have unstable vital signs.

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6
Q

årsaker hasteinkontinens

A

Urge incontinence has many potential medical causes, including UTI, medications, bladder irritants (eg, caffeine, carbonated drinks), bowel conditions, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, stroke, cancers of the uterus and the urinary system, or nervous system damage associated with multiple sclerosis.

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7
Q

hva er Overflow incontinence. årsaker

A

This is a constant, continual slow flow of urine. Overflow incontinence can have medical causes, such
as a damaged bladder, blocked urethra, or nerve damage from diabetes, and prostate gland conditions in men

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8
Q

disponerende faktorer nyrestein

A

faktorer som påvirker er diet og hydrering. General risk factors include a personal or family history of kidney stones, as well as hypertension.
and risk is increased in people with a history of gout, gastric bypass surgery, and certain metabolic disorders

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9
Q

hva består de vanligste nyresteinene av

A

kalsiumoksalat og kalsiumfosfat

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10
Q

hospital behandling nyrestein

A

sjokkbølger for å knuse steinene, cytoscopi med stenting eller PCN.

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11
Q

prehospital behandling nyrestein

A

Management is focused on supporting the patient with hydration, pain control, and antiemetics. I

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12
Q

hva er oliguria

A

Urine output of less than 500 mL/day

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13
Q

hva heter det om man har ingen urin

A

anuri

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14
Q

hvilke kroppslige symptomer kan man få av akutt nyresvikt

A

kan gå generaliserte ødemer, syre opphopning og høy kontenstrasjon av nitrogen og metabolsk avfall i blodet

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15
Q

hvilke livskritiske følger kan akutt nyresvikt ha

A

AKI can lead to life-threatening volume overload, hyperkalemia, uremia, and metabolic acidosis.

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16
Q

hva er Hepatorenalt syndrom

A

Hepatorenalt syndrom er en komplikasjon til akutt eller kronisk leversykdom og karakteriseres ved akutt nyresvikt og sirkulasjonsforstyrrelser.

17
Q

konsekvenser nyresvikt/skade

A

nyrenes oppgave er å filtrere blodet, og holder kontroll over bt, blodvolum, syre-base og elektrolyttbalansen.

forstyrrelser i dette jan gi hyperkalemia (an increase in the blood potassium level), metabolic acidosis (an increase in the hydrogen ion content of the blood), and uremia (an increase of urea in the blood). These conditions are life- threatening emergencies that can lead to fatal cardiac dysrhythmias secondary to hyperkalemia and acidosis, hypotension secondary to acidosis, and mental status changes secondary to uremia.

alvorlige former kan derfor gi endret mental status og hjertefeil

18
Q

hva er vanlige årsaker til kroniske nyresykdom

A

diabetes og hypertensjon eller congenital disorders or prolonged pyelonephritis.

19
Q

hva er uremi i følge boken

A

Uremia (an increased concentration of urea and other waste products in the blood)

20
Q

hvilke symptomer kan en pasient med kronsik nyresvikt ha?

A

Pasienter kan ha sløvhet og nedsatt bevissthet, kvalme, hodepine, kramper, tegn på anemi, svakhet, oppkast, anoreksi, økt tørste, kløe og hypertensjon.

21
Q

hva kan være årsaken til at en pasient er hypotensive and tachycardic

A

if dehydrated or infected.

22
Q

symptomer endestadiget nyresvikt

A

he patient with ESRD is chronically ill, and assessment findings can change based on the amount of time from the last dialysis. After dialysis, patients can appear well, but occasionally they will be weak or dehydrated. If a patient has missed dialysis, he or she will frequently present with signs of volume overload: shortness of breath and peripheral edema. If toxins have accumulated, the patient may have uremic frost, confusion, and muscle twitching.

23
Q

hvis en pasient med langtkommen nyresvikt får problemer med hjertet, hva er mest sannsynlig årsaken?

A

hyperkalemia

24
Q

komplikasjoner dialyse

A

Problems associated with dialysis may result from accidental disconnection from the machine, bleeding from a fistula or shunt, malfunction of the machine, or rapid shifts in fluids and electrolytes that produce hypotension, potassium imbalances, and disequilibrium syndrome.

25
Q

dialysepasienter mer utsatt for:

A

hjerteproblemer, MI, arytmier, hypertensjon, hjertetamponade, uremisk perikarditt

26
Q

symptomer på at man har skippet dialysen sin

A

People who miss dialysis treatments will often present with signs of electrolyte imbalance, including weakness of muscles, cramping, pulmonary edema, and uremic frost. Other general complications of dialysis include muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting, and infections at the fistula or shunt site.

27
Q

hva er disequilibrium syndrome

når er det vanlig å utvikle dette og hvilke symptomer ser man?

A

a consequence of dialysis, water initially shifts from the bloodstream into the CSF, thereby mildly increasing intracranial pressure. When this occurs, the patient may experience disequilibrium syndrome, a condition characterized by nausea, vomiting, headache, and confusion

28
Q

hva er Priapism

A

Langvarig ereksjon, priapisme, er langvarig ereksjon uten sammenheng med seksuell stimulering eller seksuell lyst.