Renal OH NO Flashcards
Significant feature of nephrotic syndrome
Protein loss
prOtein= nephrOtic
Significant feature of nephritic syndrome
Haematuria
blood loss due to Inflammation= nephrItic
Gold standard investigation to confirm nephrotic syndrome
24hr urine collection
>3g/day diagnoses
Level of protein in 24hr urine collection diagnostic of nephrotic syndrome
> 3g/day
Most common nephrotic picture in children?
Minimal Change Disease
What is the change in Minimal Change Disease?
Podocytes fuse
Treatment for Minimal Change disease
Steroids
Cyclophosphamide if steroid resistant
Test for amyloidosis in kidney
Congo red staining (apple green birefringence)
What nephrotic picture is Anti-PLA2r antibodies associated with?
Membranous Glomerulopathy
Complications of nephrotic syndrome (4)
Thromboembolism
Infection risk
Renal impairment
Atherosclerosis (high lipids)
Back pain and renal failure
Diagnosis?
Myeloma
Tests for myeloma? (3)
Urine Bence Jones protein
Serum Electrophoresis
Serum Free Light Chains (Kappa & Lambda)
What happens in myeloma
Abnormal plasma cells overproduce immunoglobulin
Who gets Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?
Old people
Difference between microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatous polyangiitis?
GPA has upper resp tract involvement (sinuses + nasal cavity)
GPA antibodies
cANCA
Anti -PR3
MPA Antibodies
pANCA
Anti-MPO
Why is complement low in lupus?
Used up in complexes
Cannon balls on CXR
Renal mets
Loin to Groin pain. What is it?
Renal Colic
UTI & travel to India. Likely organism?
Carbapenemase producing klebsiella/ enterobacteriae
dem shits resistant
What does Proteus sp. UTI cause?
Foul urine
Renal Calculi
Beading of the renal artery suggests
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
UTI with foul smelling urine and renal calculi causative organism?
Proteus Sp.
What is proven by RBC casts in urine
Haematuria is due to glomerular cause
Muddy brown casts of epithelial cells
Acute Tubular Necrosis
pathognomic
Saddle nose
GPA (due to URT granuloma/involvement)
Cut surface like a potato
Testicular seminoma
Blue dot sign suggests
Testicular torsion
agghhhhh
Who gets Goodpasture’s Syndrome
Young people
presence of anti-GBM antibodies
Painless Haematuria is probably
Malignancy
Renal failure, eye problems and bilateral sensorineural deafness. Diagnosis?
Alport syndrome
disorder in type IV collagen found at all of these sites
Patient with renal failure and family history of stroke and renal failure. Diagnosis?
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Why is PKD associated with stroke?
Causes berry aneurysms