Neuro Flashcards by Shagma Botome

Which spinal tract functions to sense fine touch, pressure and vibration?

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus

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Which spinal tract functions to sense pain and temperature?

Spinothalamic tract

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Which spinal tract excites flexor muscles and inhibits extensor muscles of the upper body?

Rubro-spinal tract

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Sensory loss on the outer aspect of forearm and arm including the thumb, plus weakness in flexing elbow. Root level affected?

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Where does blood accumulate in rupture of the bridging vein?

Between dura and arachnoid

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Where does blood accumulate in rupture of posterior communicating artery aneurysm?

Between arachnoid and pia

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Where does blood accumulate in rupture of the middle meningeal artery?

Between dura and pterion (skull)

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Acute numbness, decreased sensation on one side of body. 80, HTN. Type of stroke?

Lacunar

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What anatomical area contains the primary auditory complex?

Superior temporal gyrus

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What anatomical area controls the temperature of the body?

Hypothalamus

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What anatomical area contains the oculomotor nucleus?

Midbrain

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What type of fibres are carried by anterior nerve rootlets?

Motor fibres

an ANT runs about- motor

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What type of fibres are carried by posterior nerve rootlets?

Sensory fibres

poSterior- SenSory

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Multiple Sclerosis CSF finding?

Unmatched oligoclonal bands

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Thunderclap headache diagnosis

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

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Xanthochromatic CSF from Lumbar Puncture

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

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Lucid period after head trauma, then sudden collapse

Extradural haemorrhage

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Cogwheel rigidity

Parkinson’s

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Raised CK suggests what neurological disorder?

Muscular Dystrophy

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Toe walker, positive Gower’s sign

Diagnosis?

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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Mask like facies

Parkinson’s

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Fluctuating cognitive deficit (2)

Diagnosis?

Lewy Body Dementia,

Delirium

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Vivid non threatening hallucinations (eg children or animals)

Lewy Body Dementia

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Acute onset fluctuating cognitive disturbance

Diagnosis?

Delirium

Memory and personality problems, history of CVD Diagnosis?

Vascular Dementia

Stepwise progression of neurological symptoms Diagnosis?

Vascular Dementia (progressive mini strokes)

Pain on loud noise Diagnosis?

Facial Nerve Palsy | Bell' palsy, stapedius muscle paralysed

Painful third nerve palsy Pathology?

Aneurysm 3rd nerve supplies AO occulomotor muscles SO4-LR6-AO3

Myalgia Myositis Myoglobulinaemia & Myoglobulinuria Diagnosis?

Rhabdomyolysis my my my what have we here

Weakness Frontal balding Cataracts Ptosis

Myotonic Dystrophy

Typical Myotonic Dystrophy patient? (2)`

In 30s, positive FHx

Leg symptoms | Midline shift of brain material

Falcine herniation

Back pain worse on coughing

Slipped disc

Headache worse on coughing

Posterior fossa issue

Bilateral sciatica Male sexual dysfunction Reduced anal tone Diagnosis?

Cauda equina syndrome

First line pharmacological migraine prophylaxis options (3)

Propanolol Topiramate Amitriptyline

Second line pharmacological migraine prophylaxis options (4)

Sodium valproate Gapapentin Pregabalin Pizotifen

When to move onto second line pharmacological migraine prophylaxis?

After 3 months

Injury upper to brachial plexus | presentation

Erb’s palsy (waiters tip)

waiter's tip

Injury to lower brachial plexus presentation

Klumpke’s palsy (claw hand)

Hand sign in Klumpke's palsy

Claw hand

Positive Simmond's test is diagnostic of what

Achilles tendon rupture

Micrographia is seen in what condition?

Parkinson's | or basal ganglia degeneration

What is meant by the symptom called Micrographia?

Small handwriting | Parkinson's or basal ganglia degeneration

Essential tremor is worsened by?

Movement

Resting tremor is worsened by?

Rest lol

Main risk factors for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension? (2)

Obesity | Female sex

Clinical examinations for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? (2)

Tinel's test | Pain on raising thumb from palm to sky

Symptoms of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome? (2)

Ring & Pinky finger numbness Can't cross fingers (dorsal interossei) Ulnar nerve problem

What nerve is affected by Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

Ulnar

First step in patient with seizures poorly controlled by drugs?

Check compliance

Damaged cervical spine. How to secure airway?

Jaw jerk as can't do normal head tilt chin lift

What nerve is affected by Midshaft humerus fracture?

Radial nerve Radial Wraps Round

What should be assessed first if Guillain Barre Syndrome is Suspected?

Assess vital capacity- penchant for affecting respiratory muscles

Why is dipyridamole not used often?

Superseded by Clopidogrel

Query TIA, drug treatment?

300mg Aspirin STAT | Get checked by Neurologist to confirm

Confirmed TIA, drug treatment?

Clopidogrel (300mg leading, 75g per day)

TIA with Atrial Fibrillation, drug treatment?

Anticoagulation, eg Warfarin