cOGtext Flashcards
1
Q
Uncomplicated gonorrhoea treatment?
A
IM ceftriaxone
2
Q
Which types of HPV are associated with genital warts?
A
6 and 11
3
Q
Which types of HPV are associated with cancer?
A
16 and 18
4
Q
How is primary and secondary syphilis diagnosed?
A
PCR of swab
5
Q
Incubation period for chlamydia?
A
3-21 days
6
Q
In HIV patients, risk of opportunistic infections is greatly increased below what CD4 count?
A
200
7
Q
Define HAART HIV treatment?
A
Highly Active Anti- Retroviral Treatment
3 drugs from 2 drug classes to which virus is susceptible
8
Q
What is a cephalohaematoma in newborn?
A
Collection of blood between a baby’s scalp and skull, does not cross suture lines
9
Q
Swelling in parietal region of newborn which does not cross the suture lines
A
Cephalohaematoma
10
Q
How long does it take for a cephalohaematoma to go away?
A
Up to 3 months
11
Q
Average rate of cervical dilation expected in primiparous mother?
A
1cm/hr
12
Q
Respiratory distress, hypoxia, and hypotension during labour. Diagnosis?
A
Amniotic fluid embolism
13
Q
Best option to induce pregnancy in closed firm cervix?
A
Vaginal prostaglandins
14
Q
What treatment change should happen in pregnant woman with T2DM?
A
Convert from oral tablets to insulin therapy
15
Q
What is first line in treating hypertensive disorders of pregnancy?
A
Labetalol
16
Q
How soon after abortion can IUD and IUS be inserted?
A
Immediately
17
Q
What volume of amniotic fluid is classed as Polyhydramnios?
A
> 2litres
18
Q
How and when to monitor pregnant woman with history of gestational diabetes? (2)
A
OGTT at booking
OGTT at 24-26 weeks
19
Q
STI organism: intracellular gram-negative diplococci
A
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
20
Q
STI organism: intracellular gram-negative rods
A
Chlamydia Trachomatis
21
Q
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae. Describe organism
A
Intracellular gram-negative diplococci
22
Q
Chlamydia Trachomatis: Describe organism
A
Intracellular gram-negative rods
23
Q
Classic renal pathology in sickle cell anaemia?
A
Renal papillary necrosis
sickle cells infarct in kidney
24
Q
How to investigate tubal patency in patients with known co-morbidities (like previous ectopic, PID, endometriosis)?
A
Laparoscopy and dye
dye will leak out of non-patent tubes
25
Is Factor V Leiden a Haemophilic or Thrombophilic disorder?
Thrombophilic (slightly increased tendency to clot)
26
Is von Willebrand disease a Haemophilic or Thrombophilic disorder?
Haemophilic (increased tendency to bleed)
27
When to induce labour for macrosomia?
Don't need to induce, no benefit in doing so
28
Gold standard investigation of endometriosis?
Laparoscopy
29
Definitive Tx for Adenomyosis?
Hysterectomy
30
What is adenomyosis?
Endometrial tissue grows within layers of myometrium
31
What are the symptoms of adenomyosis? (3)
Identical to endometriosis
Dyspareunia
Dysmenorrhoea
Subfertility
32
What are the symptoms of endometriosis? (3)
(Identical to adenomyosis)
Dyspareunia
Dysmenorrhoea
Subfertility
33
Name a test that must be done in all women with heavy menstrual bleeding
FBC
34
Ehler's Danlos Syndrome presents with joint hypermobility and elastic skin. What else?
Bruising and bleeding with normal haematological findings
35
Hepatosplenomegaly
Generalised Lymphadenopathy
New bruising
Must suspect what Dx in children?
Haematological malignancy
36
Hearing loss worse in pregnancy. Likely Dx?
Otosclerosis
37
What happens in otosclerosis?
Stapes fuses into surrounding bone
38
Pathological fracture at what vertebral level suggests malignant rather than osteoporotic change?
T4 or above
39
Pathological fracture at level T4 or above suggests what cause of weakened vertebrae?
Malignancy
40
What test is raised in Acromegaly?
IGF-1
41
IGF-1 is raised in what disorder?
Acromegaly
42
What volume of blood defines a major PPH?
More than 1000ml
43
Within what timeframe is a bleed termed primary PPH?
<24hrs after birth
44
Within what timeframe is a bleed termed secondary PPH?
>24hrs after birth
45
How much blood is a mild PPH?
>500ml- 1000ml
46
What does APGAR stand for?
```
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
```
47
What is the commonest ovarian cancer?
Epithelial carcinoma (90%)
48
Name a high risk factor for ovarian cancer
Early menarche
49
Early menarche increases risk for what cancers?
Ovarian
| Breast
50
Tamoxifen increases risk of what cancer?
Endometrial
51
Breast cancer drug that increases risk of endometrial cancer?
Tamoxifen
52
HPV positive patient with negative cytology. When to follow up?
In 1 year
53
What level of uterine prolapse is seen at the introitus?
2nd degree
54
What level of uterine prolapse protrudes through vaginal introitus?
3rd degree
55
Colposuspension treats what problem?
Stress incontinence
56
Surgical treatment for Stress Incontinence?
Colposuspension
57
Type of incontinence presenting with nocturia?
Urge Incontincence
58
STIs not requiring partner notification?
Genital Herpes
| HPV
59
What is procidentia?
When all of uterus prolapses outside vagina
60
What is it called when all of uterus prolapses outside vagina?
Procidentia
61
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is an AIDs defining condition. True or false?
False, as it occurs at CD4+ counts of 200-500
Assoc with EBV
62
What age smoker can take COCP?
<35
63
What age non-smoker can take COCP?
<50
64
What ages of women can take COCP?
<35 smoker
| <50 non-smoker
65
When can IUS/IUD be inserted after abortion?
Immediately after pregnancy confirmed to pass
66
Commonest site of ectopic pregnancy?
Fallopian tube
67
Treatment for complete mole?
Surgical evacuation of contents
68
What structure secretes fluid to lubricate urethra and neutralise pH prior to ejaculation?
Bulbourethral gland
69
Functions of Bulbourethral gland?
Secretes fluid to lubricate urethra and neutralise pH prior to ejaculation
70
What structures produce seminal fluid? (2)
Prostate
| Seminal Vesicles
71
When can vacuum aspiration abortion be performed?
Up to 14 weeks gestation
72
Patient misses one POP. For how long is there no protection from pregnancy?
48 hrs
73
Most likely gynae cancer with Lynch Syndrome?
Endometrial
74
Foetal pole is also known as?
Embryo
75
At what size should foetal pole have detectable heart rate?
>7mm
76
Should 5mm foetal pole have detectable heart rate?
No
>7mm
77
Should 9mm foetal pole have detectable heart rate?
Yes
>7mm
78
Male infertility with Mumps. What is happening?
Mumps orchitis, obstructive infertility
79
What is meant by multiple pregnancy?
Pregnancy with 2 or more foetuses concurrently (twins triplets etc)
Different to multiparity
80
Difference between multiple pregnancy and multiparity?
Multiple pregnancy= >1 foetus, eg twins
Multiparity= Previously given birth
81
What hormone is consistently high in menopause?
FSH
82
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency is also known as?
```
Premature Ovarian Failure
Early Menopause (<45)
```
83
When is menopause considered early?
<45
84
Technical term for early menopause?
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
85
Confirm Primary Ovarian Insufficiency?
2x FSH tests, 2 weeks apart
Should be raised on both
86
Within what timeframe should a semen sample be analysed?
<1hr after production
87
At what temperature should semen sample be kept before analysis?
Body temperature
| analyse <1hr after production
88
How long should a diaphragm be left in place after sex?
6hrs
89
When does more spermicide need to be added to a diaphragm? (2)
If in place for >3hrs
If having sex again
(don't need to remove diaphragm to add more spermicide)
90
Does diaphragm need to be removed to apply more spermicide?
No, leave it in place
91
Define Gravida
Total number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome
NB Includes current pregnancy!
92
Does Gravida include current pregnancy?
YES!!
93
What next step should be taken if dyskaryosis is seen on cervical smear test?
Refer for colposcopy
94
What type of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) has the lowest assoc risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)?
Transdermal patch
95
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei is associated with what gynaecological malignancy?
Ovarian
96
What is the key feature of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei?
Cancerous cells produce abundant mucin in peritoneal cavity
97
Coffee bean nuclei seen on histology. Diagnosis?
Granulosa Cell Sex Cord tumour
98
Exner bodies seen on histology. Diagnosis?
Granulosa Cell Sex Cord tumour
99
Pathognomonic histological features of Granulosa Cell Sex Cord tumour? (2)
Coffee bean nuclei
| Exner bodies
100
When gestationally should the uterine fundus be felt at the umbilicus?
22 weeks
101
When gestationally should the uterine fundus be felt at the symphysis pubis?
12 weeks
102
Where should the uterine fundus be felt at 12 weeks' gestation?
Symphysis Pubis
103
Where should the uterine fundus be felt at 22 weeks' gestation?
Umbilicus
104
What duration of active labour increases risk of PPH?
>12 hours
105
Most significant risk factors for puerperal psychosis? (3)
Bipolar disorder
Psychotic episode
Family history of these
106
Primary risk factor of Ovarian Torsion?
Cyst on surface
107
Why is Ovarian Torsion associated with PCOS?
Cysts are major risk factor for Torsion
108
First investigation for Urinary Incontinence?
Urine Dipstick
109
List the cardinal movements of Labour
```
Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Internal Rotation
Extension
External Rotation
Expulsion
```
Every Darn Fool In Egypt Eats Raw Eggs
110
Every Darn Fool In Egypt Eats Raw Eggs. Explain?
Cardinal movements of Labour
```
Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Internal Rotation
Extension
External Rotation
Expulsion
```
Every Darn Fool In Egypt Eats Raw Eggs
111
Say the rhyme for Cardinal Movements of Labour
```
Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Internal Rotation
Extension
External Rotation
Expulsion
```
Every Darn Fool In Egypt Eats Raw Eggs
112
Supply of detrusor muscle?
Parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnic nerves
113
What drug treatment is recommended for all women with PPH?
Tranexamic acid
114
Can a woman with pelvic organ prolapse have sex?
Yes but may be uncomfortable
115
Can a woman with pelvic organ prolapse do weightlifting?
No
| Should avoid heavy weightlifting as much as poss- NICE
116
Name AIDS-defining pneumonias? (2)
Pneumocystis
| Recurrent bacterial
117
AIDS-defining conditions, apart from pneumonia? (2)
Oesophageal candidiasis
| Kaposi's Sarcoma
118
What BMI should the male partner achieve before IVF treatment is authorised in Scotland?
Any BMI go for it fatty
119
Gynaecological causes of raised CA125, other than Ovarian Cancer? (3)
Pregnancy
Endometriosis
Fibroids
120
When is the first trimester of pregnancy in weeks?
0 to 12 weeks
121
When is the second trimester of pregnancy in weeks?
13 to 28 weeks
122
When is the third trimester of pregnancy in weeks?
29 weeks to birth
