Pastest Neuro

Question 1

What does bilateral damage to hippocampus cause? (2)

Answer 1

Loss of capacity for new learning

Short term memory loss

Question 2

When does DVLA allow patient to drive after first seizure (with normal imaging)?

Answer 2

6 months

Question 3

Gradual onset tightness headache without neuro signs. Diagnosis?

Answer 3

Tension headache

Question 4

Unilateral, unbearably painful headaches 1-2 times a day for weeks, followed by months of remission. Diagnosis?

Answer 4

Cluster headache

Question 5

What lesion is suggested by fasciculation and atrophy?

Answer 5

Lower Motor Neurone Lesion

Question 6

What lesion is suggested by weakness and spasticity?

Answer 6

Upper Motor Neurone Lesion

Question 7

Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome is also known as?

Answer 7

Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy

Question 8

Findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome? (3)

Answer 8

Stamping gait
High arched feet
Foot drop

Question 9

Most common vessel in extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 9

Middle Meningeal Artery

Question 10

Headaches, fever, seizures, reduced conscious level. Diagnosis?

Answer 10

Encephalitis

Question 11

Crescentic haematoma crosses suture lines. What is it?

Answer 11

Subdural

Question 12

Elliptical haematoma, doesn’t cross suture lines. What is it?

Answer 12

Extradural haematoma

elliptical machine is quite an “extra” way of exercising

Question 13

Which nerve supplies the buccinator muscle?

Answer 13

Facial nerve

hint buccinator is a muscle of facial expression

Question 14

Which nerve & branch supplies masticatory muscles?

Answer 14

Mandibular division of Trigeminal

Question 15

Head bleed in coagulopathy likely to be?

Answer 15

Acute subdural haematoma

Question 16

Wrist drop caused by injury to which nerve?

Answer 16

Radial

Question 17

What is nursemaid’s elbow?

Answer 17

Radial head subluxation (at elbow) causing injury to radial nerve

Question 18

What test should be done concurrently with lumbar puncture for ?meningitis?

Answer 18

Glucose

Question 19

Why should glucose be tested concurrently with lumbar puncture?

Answer 19

Need to work out CSF:Plasma glucose ratio

Question 20

What is sensed by free nerve endings?

Answer 20

Fine touch, heat, cold, pain

Most stuff, not stuck in one area, freeeeee man

Question 21

What type of nerve ending senses fine touch, heat, cold and pain?

Answer 21

Free nerve endings

Question 22

What is sensed by Meissner’s corpuscles?

Answer 22

Low frequency vibration

Question 23

What type of nerve ending senses vibration?

Answer 23

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 24

Main initial symptoms in Alzheimer’s? (3)

Answer 24

Memory loss
Loss of executive function
Agnosia

Question 25

What sort of thing is meant by executive function?

Answer 25

Planning, reasoning, problem solving etc

Question 26

What is agnosia

Answer 26

Inability to recognise objects

Question 27

Main initial symptoms in Fronto-Temporal Dementia? (2)

Answer 27

Disinhibition | Impulsivity

Question 28

Fluctuating mental state with good & bad days is probably?

Answer 28

Lewy Body Dementia or delirium or chronic subdural haematoma or schizophrenia or drug use or ........................

Question 29

Describe how someone with Vascular Dementia might walk?

Answer 29

Rapid stepping gait | Marche à petits pas la démence vasculaire

Question 30

First line in Alzheimer's disease?

Answer 30

Donepezil (prevents decline in cognition for 6mo)

Question 31

Treat subdural haematoma?

Answer 31

Burr hole drainage

Question 32

Pituitary deficiency with intracranial mass in child/adolescent. Most likely pathology?

Answer 32

Craniopharyngeoma

Question 33

Pituitary deficiency with intracranial mass in adult. Most likely pathology?

Answer 33

Pituitary adenoma

Question 34

Side effects of L-Dopa? (3)

Answer 34

Nausea Confusion Postural hypotension

Question 35

Adjuvant therapy in Parkinsons?

Answer 35

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) | Selegiline (MAOI B)

Question 36

Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus? (3)

Answer 36

Triad: Gait dyspraxia (leads to falls) Fluctuating confusion Urinary incontinence

Question 37

Symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP)? (3)

Answer 37

Cushing's Reflex Triad: Bradycardia BP Low Breathing shallow Can be caused by Brain Bleed All the Bs! ICP> insane clown posse > clowns and Balloons with a B??????/

Question 38

Why is it best to do sequential sequencing of CSF?

Answer 38

Mitigates risk of Traumatic Tap where blood from inserting tap contaminates samples

Question 39

What is Traumatic Tap & how do we avoid it affecting CSF Samples?

Answer 39

Blood from inserting tap contaminates samples | To avoid take sequential samples

Question 40

Alzheimer's Disease adjuvant for insomnia?

Answer 40

Trazodone

Question 41

Define Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (2)

Answer 41

Increased CSF in ventricles | CSF pressure normal on Lumbar Puncture

Question 42

First line treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Answer 42

Carbemazepine

Question 43

Kernig's Sign positive suggests? (2)

Answer 43

Subarachnoid haemorrhage | Meningitis