Pastest Neuro Flashcards
What does bilateral damage to hippocampus cause? (2)
Loss of capacity for new learning
Short term memory loss
When does DVLA allow patient to drive after first seizure (with normal imaging)?
6 months
Gradual onset tightness headache without neuro signs. Diagnosis?
Tension headache
Unilateral, unbearably painful headaches 1-2 times a day for weeks, followed by months of remission. Diagnosis?
Cluster headache
What lesion is suggested by fasciculation and atrophy?
Lower Motor Neurone Lesion
What lesion is suggested by weakness and spasticity?
Upper Motor Neurone Lesion
Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome is also known as?
Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy
Findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome? (3)
Stamping gait
High arched feet
Foot drop
Most common vessel in extradural haemorrhage?
Middle Meningeal Artery
Headaches, fever, seizures, reduced conscious level. Diagnosis?
Encephalitis
Crescentic haematoma crosses suture lines. What is it?
Subdural
Elliptical haematoma, doesn’t cross suture lines. What is it?
Extradural haematoma
elliptical machine is quite an “extra” way of exercising
Which nerve supplies the buccinator muscle?
Facial nerve
hint buccinator is a muscle of facial expression
Which nerve & branch supplies masticatory muscles?
Mandibular division of Trigeminal
Head bleed in coagulopathy likely to be?
Acute subdural haematoma
Wrist drop caused by injury to which nerve?
Radial
What is nursemaid’s elbow?
Radial head subluxation (at elbow) causing injury to radial nerve
What test should be done concurrently with lumbar puncture for ?meningitis?
Glucose
Why should glucose be tested concurrently with lumbar puncture?
Need to work out CSF:Plasma glucose ratio
What is sensed by free nerve endings?
Fine touch, heat, cold, pain
Most stuff, not stuck in one area, freeeeee man
What type of nerve ending senses fine touch, heat, cold and pain?
Free nerve endings
What is sensed by Meissner’s corpuscles?
Low frequency vibration
What type of nerve ending senses vibration?
Meissner’s corpuscles
Main initial symptoms in Alzheimer’s? (3)
Memory loss
Loss of executive function
Agnosia
What sort of thing is meant by executive function?
Planning, reasoning, problem solving etc
What is agnosia
Inability to recognise objects
Main initial symptoms in Fronto-Temporal Dementia? (2)
Disinhibition
Impulsivity
Fluctuating mental state with good & bad days is probably?
Lewy Body Dementia
or delirium or chronic subdural haematoma or schizophrenia or drug use or ……………………
Describe how someone with Vascular Dementia might walk?
Rapid stepping gait
Marche à petits pas
la démence vasculaire
First line in Alzheimer’s disease?
Donepezil (prevents decline in cognition for 6mo)
Treat subdural haematoma?
Burr hole drainage
Pituitary deficiency with intracranial mass in child/adolescent. Most likely pathology?
Craniopharyngeoma
Pituitary deficiency with intracranial mass in adult. Most likely pathology?
Pituitary adenoma
Side effects of L-Dopa? (3)
Nausea
Confusion
Postural hypotension
Adjuvant therapy in Parkinsons?
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
Selegiline (MAOI B)
Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus? (3)
Triad:
Gait dyspraxia (leads to falls)
Fluctuating confusion
Urinary incontinence
Symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP)? (3)
Cushing’s Reflex Triad:
Bradycardia
BP Low
Breathing shallow
Can be caused by Brain Bleed
All the Bs! ICP> insane clown posse > clowns and Balloons with a B??????/
Why is it best to do sequential sequencing of CSF?
Mitigates risk of Traumatic Tap
where blood from inserting tap contaminates samples
What is Traumatic Tap & how do we avoid it affecting CSF Samples?
Blood from inserting tap contaminates samples
To avoid take sequential samples
Alzheimer’s Disease adjuvant for insomnia?
Trazodone
Define Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (2)
Increased CSF in ventricles
CSF pressure normal on Lumbar Puncture
First line treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia?
Carbemazepine
Kernig’s Sign positive suggests? (2)
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Meningitis
