AFT Flashcards
Newborn vomiting green mild vomitus. Not projectile vomiting. Likely diagnosis?
Volvulus secondary to malrotation
Always investigate bile coloured vomit
Newborn projectile vomiting, constipated & hungry. Likely diagnosis?
Pyloric stenosis
Effortless vomiting after every feed in baby
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux
normal, found in 30% babies in 1st year
What is diagnostic of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
New vessel growth at disc
Anti-CCP antibodies suggests?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Conscious choking baby. Intervention?
Chest thrusts
What is the most biologically active form of thyroid hormone?
T3
Which nerve is most at risk in submandibular gland removal?
Marginal mandibular nerve (branch of facial nerve)
Which nerve is most at risk in lower wisdom tooth (3rd molar) extraction?
Inferior alveolar nerve
What type of cell makes up the periphery of a thyroid follicle?
Follicular cells
What are thyroid follicles filled with?
Colloid
a liquid which contains thyroglobulin
Malaise, fever, painful mouth erosion and desquamation. Likely diagnosis?
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
often a drug reaction
Name the symptom: Painful nodular shin bruising
Erythema nodosum
Which drugs can cause erythema nodosum? (3)
Oral contraceptives
Penicillins
Sulphonamide antibiotics
What skin condition can beta-blockers precipitate or aggravate?
Psoriasis
Newborn vomiting green mild vomitus. Not projectile vomiting. Imaging?
Plain film AXR
for malrotation & volvulus
Newborn projectile vomiting, constipated & hungry. Imaging?
Abdominal ultrasound
for pyloric stenosis
What sign is pathognomic of alopecia areata?
Exclamation mark hairs
In regard to Basic Life Support, when should a lone rescuer phone for help?
On determining patient is not breathing normally and has no signs of life
i.e. when patient is in cardiac arrest
What is Finkelstein’s test for?
DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis
Describe Finkelstein’s test
Examiner grasps thumb and ulnarly deviates it (into palm)
Pain along radial forearm/ over radial styloid process= positive
What happens in DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis?
Thickening and inflammation of the sheath containing:
Extensor Pollicis Brevis &
Abductor Pollicis Longus tendons
What antibodies are highly diagnostic of SLE?
Anti-dsDNA antibody
Investigation in displaced nasal fracture?
None
Clinical decision whether to manipulate fracture
How is the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses best demonstrated?
CT scan
High energy comminuted fracture of vertebral body. Name?
Burst fracture
What pathology can cause neurogenic itch? (3)
Systemic disease e.g.
Organ failure (Renal/liver)
Thyroid disease
Malignancy
What is neurogenic itch?
Itch caused by an effect on CNS receptors, but without nerve involvement.
e.g. due to endogenous opioids
What usually causes croup?
Para-influenzae virus
Sudden painless central vision loss in elderly patient. Most likely diagnosis?
Wet ARMD
What congenital infection causes deafness in infant?
Cytomegalovirus infection in early pregnancy
When roughly is congenital deafness usually noticed?
2 years old
Visual acuity in legally blind patients?
6/60
i.e. can only read top letter on Snellen chart
Which branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is associated with corneal sensitisation?
Naso-cilliary nerve
How many ribs are visible on a well-inspired PA chest X-ray?
6
Painful neck swelling is most commonly?
Thyroiditis
pain due to inflammation of thyroid
Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation of young patient. Treatment? (3)
Closed reduction (+ sedative/ analgesia)
Sling
Mobilise after 4 weeks
Which seronegative arthropathy is renal failure associated with?
Gout
How is E. Coli 0157 diagnosed?
Stool culture
Most common cause of epiglottitis?
H. influenzae type B
When is lumbar puncture contraindicated? (2)
Deranged clotting
Increased ICP
Therefore screen before performing procedure
What typically occurs 2 years after the onset of puberty in girls?
Menarche
Sudden onset vision loss in diabetic patient. Likely pathology?
Retinal haemorrhage
Gradual onset vision loss in diabetic patient. Likely pathology?
Worsening background diabetic retinopathy
Shoulder stiffness and worsening bilateral vision loss. Likely pathology?
Temporal arteritis (GCA)- eye pathology
Polymyalgia rheumatica- muscle pathology
Strong association between the two
