Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PNCE > Renal/GU JB > Flashcards

Renal/GU JB Flashcards

1
Q

acute prostatitis MCC

A

<35yo: chlamydia and gonorrhea
>35yo: E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute prostatitis dx

A

DRE
UA/culture (+ in acute)
transrectal US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ATN labs

A

epithelial cell casts
muddy brown casts
waxy/granular casts
low specific gravity
hyperK, hyperP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ATN tx

A

Volume depletion: IV fluids
Volume overload: diuretics (furosemide)
metabolic acidosis, hyperP: dialysis if pH <7.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Postrenal azotemia lab

A

elevated BUN/Cr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pre-renal azotemia labs

A

elevated BUN/Cr
hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BPH lab

A

DRE
increased PSA
urine cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

BPH monitor

A

mild: monitor annually
avoid antihistamine/anticholinergics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

BPH tx

A

5 a reductase: finasteride, dutasteride
a 1 blocker: tamsulosin, doxazosin –> sx relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MC type of bladder cancer

A

transitional cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bladder cancer highest risk factor

A

smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bladder cancer dx

A

cystoscopy w/ bx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bladder injury dx

A

ureteral contrast study w/ pelvic fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bladder outlet obstruction tx

A

BPH: tamsulosin
Detrusal muscle atony: cholinergic (bethanechol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chronic renal failure labs

A

proteinuria
broad waxy casts
small kidneys on US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MCC ESRD

A

DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

give before surgical procedures for chronic renal insufficiency patients

A

desmopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cystitis tx

A

uncomplicated: Macrobid, FQ, bactrim
complicated: FQ, amino glycoside, gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pyridium AE

A

turns urine orange, do not use more than 48h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mannitol AE

A

pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

acetazolamide AE

A

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
sulfa allergy
kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Loop diuretics AE

A

hypoK, hypoCa
hyperglycemia
sulfa allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thiazide AE

A

hypoNa, hypoK, hyperCa, hyperlipidemia
hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia
sulfa allergies
metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

K sparing AE

A

hyperK
metabolic acidosis
gynecomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Enuresis childhood nocturnal tx

A

DDAVP
TCA (imipramine)
anticholinergics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

glomerulonephritis hallmark

A

azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

glomerulonephritis dx

A

UA: RBC casts, dysmorphic RBC, proteinuria, high SG, increased BUN Cr, hematuria
renal bx: gold standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

goodpastures dz dx

A

Bx: crescent formation
+ anti-GBM ab (kidney and alveoli)
linear IgG deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

goodpastures dz tx

A

high dose CS + cyclophosphamide + plasmapheresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

HUS tx

A

hemodialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

HUS sx

A

triad: thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, kidney failure
kid w/ renal failure and diarrhea prodrome

32
Q

HUS tx

A

observation and IV fluids
plasmapheresis

33
Q

hydronephrosis dx

A

UA
CBC
BUN/Cr
Bladder catheter
Renal US –> CT

34
Q

hyperkalemia tx

A

EKG changes: calcium to protect heart (calcium gluconate)
bicarb/insulin/dextrose
kayexalate/dialysis

35
Q

hypocalcemia labs

A

increased P
decreased Mg

36
Q

hypovolemic shock sx

A

pale cool mottled skin
decreased CO
prolonged capillary refill, decreased turgor
no severe respiratory depression

37
Q

IgA nephropathy lab

A

+ IgA mesangial deposits on immunostaining

38
Q

impotence tx

A

PDE5: sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
PGE1 injection
vacuum pump, revascularization, prosthetics
testosterone if low

39
Q

interstitial nephritis sx

A

AKI w/ increased eosinophils
F, maculopapular rash, arthralgia
WBC casts pathognomonic
urine eosinophils

40
Q

simple kidney cyst dx

A

US: echoic round mass w/ smooth and sharply demarcated wall
CT

41
Q

Lactic acidosis labs

A

increased RR/K/anion gap
decreased pH, CO2, and bicarb

42
Q

metabolic alkalosis labs

A

prolonged vomiting
increased bicarb/pH/CO2

43
Q

Minimal change disease dx

A

MC in nephrotic syndrome in kids
no visible cellular changes in simple light microscopy

44
Q

minimal change dz tx

A

prednisone TOC
cytotoxic therapy w/ cyclosporine if refractory

45
Q

nephrolithiasis labs

A

US: hematuria, nitrites if infectious
non contrast CT abd/pelvis BIT
renal US if CT CI
IV pyelography gold standard

46
Q

pH of stones in nephrolithiasis (calcium oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, cystine, struvite)

A

pH 5.5-6.8: calcium oxalate/phosphate
pH <5: uric acid, cystine
pH >7.2: struvite

47
Q

stones seen on radiograph (radiopaque)

A

calcium and struvite

48
Q

nephrolithiasis tx

A

<7mm pass on its own
shock wave lithotripsy
proximal: ureteroscopy + stents
distal: percutaneous nephrolithotomy (usually for >10mm stones)

49
Q

nephrotic syndrome sx

A

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema

50
Q

MCC nephrotic syndrome in adults

51
Q

nephrotic syndrome dx

A

24h urine protein collection gold standard
UA: proteinuria, oval fat bodies “Maltese cross shaped”
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia
renal bx

52
Q

nongonococcal urethritis dx

A

chlamydia
nucleic acid amplification: for chlamydia and gonorrhea

53
Q

paraphimosis tx

A

emergency
manual reduction, cool compress
granulated sugar, hyaluronidase injection
dorsal slit

54
Q

Peyronie associated w/

A

vitamin E deficiency, BBs, increased serotonin levels
Dupuytren contracture and HLA-B27

55
Q

Peyronie tx

A

Vit E and potassium aminobenzoate
colchicine
injection
surgery

56
Q

phimosis tx

A

circumcision

57
Q

PKD sx

A

abdominal/flank pain, palpable flank mass
HTN, hematuria
berry aneurisms, MVP
colonic diverticula

58
Q

PKD dx

A

renal US 1st line
genetic testing
CT/MRI more sensitive

59
Q

PKD tx

A

simple cyst: observe, reevaluation. ACE for HTN
multiple cyst: supportive, increase fluid intake, ACE for HTN

60
Q

postop hypovolemia tx

A

IV fluids or blood products

61
Q

premature ejaculation tx

A

topical desensitizing agents (lidocaine, benzocaine, prilocaine)
SSRI
PDE5 inhibitor (sildenafil, tadalafil)
pindolol, tramadol

62
Q

priapism tx

A

low flow (ischemic): phenylephrine intracavernous injection 1st line. Turbutaline PO/SQ if <4h, needle aspiration if >4h. Shunt surgery if not responsive to other tx
high flow: observation

63
Q

Prostatitis tx

A

Acute: >35yo FQ or bactrim outpt, IV FQ +/- aminoglycoside or ampicillin +/- gentamicin if inpt
<35yo: ceftriaxone + doxycycline or azithromycin
chronic: FQ, bactrim, TURP

64
Q

pyelonephritis dx

A

UA: pyuria, leukocyte esterase, WBC casts (hallmark), nitrites
urine culture definitive

65
Q

pyelonephritis tx

A

FQ (PO/IV), amino glycoside (gent), bactrim, cephalosporin
admit for IV fluids + IV abx if severe/complicated

66
Q

pyelonephritis sx

A

F, tachycardia, back/flank pain
+ CVA tenderness, N/V

67
Q

renal calculi tx

A

pain control (NSAIDS)
antiemetics
alpha blocker (tamsulosin) for large stones

68
Q

renal cell carcinoma sx

A

triad: hematuria, flank/abd pain, palpable mass
malaise, L sided varicocele, HTN, hypercalcemia

69
Q

renal cell carcinoma dx

A

CT 1st line
renal US
MRI

70
Q

renal cell carcinoma tx

A

Stage 1-3: nephrectomy, IL2 therapy. usually resistant to chemo/rad
bilateral or pt w/ one kidney: partial nephrectomy

71
Q

respiratory alkalosis labs

A

from hyperventilation
increased pH
decreased PCO2

72
Q

Testicular torsion PE

A

negative preens sign
absent cremasteric reflex
blue dot sign

73
Q

MCC UTI

74
Q

varicocele PE

A

bag of worms
dilation decreases if supine or testicular elevation
worse w/ upright or valsalva

75
Q

varicocele tx

A

observation
surgery

76
Q

wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) sx

A

painless palpable abdominal mass, does not cross midline
hematuria, HTN, anemia

77
Q

wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) dx

A

abdominal US BIT
CT w/ contrast or MRI more accurate

PNCE (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions