Random Q Flashcards
What conditions have increased JVP?
CHF, tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, tension pneumothorax
Abx for gram positive cocci
Nafcillin (Vanco if MRSA)
Abx for gram negative cocci or gonococcus
Ceftriaxone (Ciprofloxacin if penicillin allergy)
MCC of viral meningitis, CSF?
Enterovirus. Lymphocytes, increased protein, normal glucose
MCC of bacterial meningitis. CSF?
S. pneumoniae. neutrophils, increased protein, low glucose
MCC of meningococcal meningitis
Neisseria Meningitis (Gram negative diplococcus)
Tx for bacterial meningitis
<1mo: cefoxtamine + ampicillin
1mo-5oyo: cefoxtamine/ceftriaxone + Vanco
>50yo: ampicillin + cefoxtamine/ceftriaxone + Vanco
Meningitis post exposure prophylaxis
Ciprofloxacin/ Rifampin
Tumor lysis syndrome labs + Tx
Hyperuricemia, low Ca, high K, high P, acute renal dz
Tx w/ allopurinol and fluids
PSVT tx
Vagal –> carotid massage –> adenosine –> radio frequency ablation
Cryptococcus meningitis common in?
HIV
Arterial embolism definitive tx
Embolectomy
Prophylaxis dental/respiratory procedures w/ high risk of heart conditions
Amoxicillin 30-60m before procedure
Tx for hypoparathyroidism tetany
IV calcium gluconate
Octreotide is tx for?
Carcinoid syndrome, acromegaly, gigantism
Lithium AE
Nephrogenic DI
Addisons Dz gold standard
Cosyntropic stimulation test
Radioactive iodine used for:
Tx graves dz, detecting metastatic thyroid cancer
Gout x-ray
Osteophytes w/ rat bite appearance
TTP Tx
Plasmaphoresis w/ IV CS
Von Willebrands dz tx
Desmopressin acetate
Molluscum contagiosum etiology
Poxvirus
Optic neuritis definitive dx
MRI of brain and orbit
Bacterial meningitis neonate MCC
Group B strep
URI MCC
Rhinovirus
COPD blood gas
Respiratory acidosis
Systemic fungal meds AE
Liver damage (jaundice), monitor LFT
Sarcoidosis labs
high ACE, non-caseating granulomas, high calcium
Myesthinia gravis dx test + tx
Tensilon test, tx with pyridostigmine
Achilles tendon rupture test
Thompson test
Epididymitis Tx
Nonsexual: ciprofloxacin
STI: ceftriaxone + doxy
MCC hospital acquired pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Superior pulmonary sulcus (pancoast) tumor sx
Shoulder pain, tumor @ apex of lung, Horner’s syndrome (ipsilateral ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis)
Sarcoidosis Tx
Prednisone
Carcinoid tumor of lung bronchoscopy
Vascularized pink/purple central lesion
Colon cancer barium contrast Xray
Apple core lesion
Cholecystitis US
Gallbladder wall thickening
MCC viral gastroenteritis <2yo
Rotavirus
HIV positive CD4 count for pneumocystis jirovecci + Tx
CD4 <250, Tx w/ bactrim
Post Op fever days 1 to 7
1-2d: (wind) atelectasis
3-5d: (water) UTI
5-7d: (wound) infection/ abscess
>7d: (walk) DVT/PE
Wegener granulomatosis xray
Caseating granulomas
Hepatitis C Tx
Ribavirin w/ alpha interferon
ZES Dx test
Gastrin > 150
Pancreatic cancer sign
Courvoisier sign (palpable nontender gallbladder)
Postprandial diarrhea tx
Questran (cholestyramine)
Conductive hearing loss
Weber: lateralized to affected ear
Rinne: BC > AC
Sensorineural hearing loss
Weber: Lateralized to normal ear
Rinne: AC>BC
Orbital cellulitis MCC
Bacterial rhinosinusitis
Viral conjunctivitis MCC
Adenovirus
Acoustic neuroma MCC (vestibular schwannoma)
CN VIII tumor
HSV infx test
Tzank smear: multinucleated giant cell
Orbital blowout fx test + PE
CT: teardrop shape, restricted upward gaze
MCC myocarditis
Coxsackie virus
Infectious endocarditis echo
Vegetations
Pyloric stenosis upper GI series
String sign
Nursemaid elbow tx
Hyperpronation + supination/flexion
Erythema infectiosum MCC
Parvovirus B12
Erythema infectiousum sx
Fifth disease: URI sx. “slapped cheek”, “lacy”
Brown recluse bite
blue-gray center, white ring, erythema outer border
Erythema multiforme sx
target lesion
Androgenic alopecia tx
5 alpha reductase (finasteride)
Pityriasis versicolor rash
Salmon colored oval papules
MCC condyloma accuminata (genital warts)
HPV 6 & 11
Verruca Plantaris (plantar warts) MCC
HPV 1
Hand, foot, and mouth dz MCC
Coxsackie virus A
Hydroxychloriquine AE
Macular damage
Spondylosis xray
“Scotty dog” - pars interarticularis
Spondylolisthesis xray
Anterior displacement of vertebrae
Polymyositis definitive test
Muscle bx
Hereditary spherocytosis definitive test
Osmotic fragility test
high MCHC
Hereditary spherocytosis
Lead poisoning PBS
Basophilic stippling
Clozapine AE
Agranulocytosis
Benzo OD tx
Flumazenil
Opioid OD tx
Naloxone
Absence seizure tx
Ethosuximide
Partial seizures tx
Carbamazepine
Alzheimer MRI
Neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles
Myesthinia gravis tx
Pyridostigmine
MC uterine cancer
Adenocarcinoma
MC cervical cancer
SCC
Mastitis tx
Dicloxacillin
Ovarian cancer tumor marker
CA-125
Prostatitis E. coli tx
Ciprofloxacin/ bactrim
MCC viral orchitis
Mumps
Cervical cancer HPV
16, 18
Genital warts HPV
6, 11
Mycobacterium avium intracellular CD4
CD4 <50
Roseola etiology
HHV-6
Kaposki sarcoma etiology
HHV-8
Malaria dx gold standard
PBS w/ giemsa stain
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia test
Positive direct Coombs test
Radial nerve innervation
Posterior upper arm, dorsum of hand
Hand, foot, and mouth dz MCC
Coxsackie virus
Scleroderma sx
Calcinosis of skin, Raynauds, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia
Reactive arthritis sx
Cant see (conjunctivitis). can’t pee (urethritis), can’t climb a tree (arthritis)
Gram positive cocci in cluster
S. aureus
Gram negative rods
Klebsiella, H. flu, E. coli, pseudomonas
Gram positive rods
Bacillus, listeria, clostridium, corynebacterium
Gram negative diplococcus
Neisseria, morexella, brucella, acinetobactor
Causes of bloody diarrhea
Salmonella, shigellosis, UC, campylobacter, HUS, amebic liver abscess, yersinia
DMT1 vs DMT2
C. peptide absent in DMT1
Prostatitis tx
<35yo: ceftriaxone + doxycycline
>35yo: ciprofloxacin/ bactrim
Tinea versicolor etiology
Malassezia furfur
Gout CI medications
Loop, thiazides, aspirin, niacin, BB
HTN meds that decrease gout
Losartan, CCB
Hidradenitis suppurativa tx
Topical clindamycin
Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) muscles
Extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum/ digiti minimi/ carpi ulnaris
Samter’s triad
Asthma, nasal polyps, aspirin/ NSAID hypersensitivity
Allopurinol lab monitor
Creatine
PID tx
Doxycycline + cefotetan or cefoxitin
Mastoiditis MCC
S. pneumoniae
Cholesteatoma sx
Painless hearing loss, yellow/ white mass behind TM
Metronidazole indications
Rosacea, amebic liver abscess, giardia, trichomoniasis, BV
Azithromycin indications
Atypical pneumonia, pertussis, travelers diarrhea (pregnant/child), chlamydia
Doxycycline indications
RMSF, lyme (not pregnant/child), chlamydia
Amoxicillin indications
Acute OM, lyme (pregnant/child), mastitis
Ciprofloxacin indications
Corneal ulcer, OE, shigellosis, prostatitis, epidydimitis, travelers diarrhea
Pneumonia
Streptococcus
H. Flu
Klebsiella
S. aureus
Legionella
Streptococcus: Rusty sputum
H. Flu: COPD
Klebsiella: currant jelly sputum. alcohol, cavitary lesion
S. aureus: Post flu
Legionella: contaminated water, increased LFT
Pneumonia tx (outpatient, inpatient, ICU)
Outpatient: Macrolide/ doxycycline
Inpatient: FQ
ICU: Beta lactam and doxycycline/ macrolide
Myerson sign
Sustained blink when bridge of nose is tapped repetitively (Parkinson’s)
Cholera tx
Doxycycline, azithromycin (child/pregnancy)
Endometritis tx
Post vaginal delivery: Ampicillin + gentamycin
C-section: clindamycin + gentamycin
human bite etiology
Eikenella
Ehlers-danlos syndrome sx
MVP, smooth doughy skin, easy bruising, positive meteniers sign
Endocarditis post GU procedures etiology
Enterococcus
Endocarditis poor dentition/ gingivitis etiology
Streptococcus viridans
Lacunar infarct CT
Small punched out hypodense lesion near pons and basal ganglion
Acute angle closure glaucoma 1st line
IV acetazolamide
Vulvular carcinoma sx
Vaginal pruritus, crusted white red ulcerative lesion
Methotrexate CI
BHcg > 5000, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, fluid/blood in peritoneal cavity, Hx TB, presence of fetal heart sound
Hepatitis C dermatologic association
lichen planus
Hyperemesis gravidarum 1st line
Doxylamine + pyridoxine
CHF xray
kerley B lines
Testicular torsion PE
“blue dot sign”, negative cremasteric reflex, negative prehn sign
Meds that increase risk of Myesthinia gravis
FQ, aminoglycosides
status epilepticus tx
benzo –> phenytoin –> phenobarbital
Carcinoid syndrome bronchoscopy
Well vascularized purple mass in central airway
Screening for DI
Water deprivation test
Syphilis screening + confirmation
Screen: RPR, VDRL
Confirm: FTA-BS, TP-PA
Aminoglycoside AE
nephrotoxic, ototoxic
Morton neuroma PE
pain, localized numbness 2nd and 3rd toes. palpable mass
Multiple myeloma urine electrophoresis
Bence jones protein. “lambda kappa light chain”
Osgood schlatter PE
Tenderness to the tibial tubercle
Cholera Tx
Doxycycline, azithromycin (child/pregnancy)
MC childhood murmur
Stills murmur
Iron deficiency anemia PBS
Poikilocytosis
Diptheria pathology
Cornebacteria diphtheria
Acute diverticulitis tx
Clear liquid diet, augmente. metronidazole w/ ciprofloxacin
Acetaminophen antidote
N- acetylcystine
Naloxone antidote for:
opioid/ narcotic toxicity
Benzo antidote
Flumazenil
Heparin sulfate antidote
Protamine sulfate
UMN lesion sx
Spastic paralysis, increased DTR, upward babinski
Rabies (rhabdovirus) CNS
Negri bodies
Organophosphate poisoning tx
Atropine, pralidoxime
Acute Hep B labs
+ HBsAg
IgM
Chronic Hep B labs
+ HBsAG
IgG
Hep B recovery labs
+ Anti-HBs
IgG
Hep B immunity labs
anti-HBs
MCC aortic stenosis worldwide
rheumatic heart dz
MCC aortic stenosis in USA
calcified aortic stenosis due to aging
MCC mitral stenosis
rheumatic heart dz
MC problem with prosthetic valves
thrombosis
MCC afib
CAD
HTN
MCC vit B1 deficiency
alcoholism
MC tumor causing SIADH
small cell lung tumor
initial sx of sickle cell
dactylitis
MC type of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
MC med for nightmares
prozosin
Which hormone dominant during luteal phase
progesterone
1st line tx for performance anxiety
propranolol
med that ca. be used for depression and neuropathy
duloxetine
inferior wall MI presentation
bradycardia
chest pain
Tx for neonatal bacterial meningitis
Ampicillin
Tx for bacterial meningitis 1m-18yo
ceftriaxone + vanco
Orbital cellulitis tx
IV Vance/clinda
Lab monitor warfarin
PT/PTT
lab monitor heparin
aPTT
hold nitroglycerin if pt taking
PDE5 (viagra)
pertussis TOC
azithromycin
MC risk of increased triglycerides
acute pancreatitis
schizoaffective d/o best med
risperidone
haloperidol
Refeeding syndrome labs
hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
hypophosphatemia
ALL lab
lymphoblasts
AML lab
myeloblasts
herald patch is in
pityriasis rosea
Prinzmetal angina tx
CCB (nifedipine)
PID tx
ceftriaxone and doxy
what type of intoxication causes hyperactivity
lead
electrical alternans is hallmark of
pericardial effusion
impetigo etiology
S. aureus
adenosine AE
bronchospasm in pts w/ asthma or COPD
Ablation can cure
SVT, a flutter, WPW
Meds to avoid giving in WPW
ABCD: adenosine, BB, CCB, digoxin
1st line PSVT
adenosine
pericardial tamponade xray
bottle shaped heart
MC anaerobic organism
E. coli
MC aerobic organism.
B. fragilis
MC AE of statin
liver issues
heart med with ED AE
BB
childhood viral exanthem rash starts on the trunk and spreads to the face
roseola (6th dz)
MCC jaundice
Gilbert syndrome
1st line tx WPW
procainamide
mumps etiology
paramyxovirus
rubella etiology
togavirus
tx epiglottitis
ceftriaxone + vanco/clinda
perioral dermatitis tx
topical metronidazole or erythromycin
croup tx
dexamethasone oral
nebulized epi
PE CXR
westermarks sign
Hampton hump
Etiology of diarrhea after consuming fried rice
bacillus cereus
C diff tx
metronidazole 1st
vanco 2nd or 1st if severe
HOCM Tx
BB
myomectomy
MC bugs for infectious diarrhea
shigella
Y. enterococolitica
salmonella
enterohemorrhagic e.coli
c. enteritis
campylobacter enteritis tx
erythromycin
shigella tx
fluids
bactrim
prosthetic valve endocarditis bug
staph epidermidis
endocarditis tx
amoxicillin 1st line
clindamycin- PCN allergies
vanco works for most patients
pea soup stools
salmonella
backpackers diarrhea
giardia lambia
giardia tx
metronidazole
frothy greasy diarrhea
giardia
giardia dx
trophozites in stool
rheumatic fever etiology
S. pyogenes
tinea capitus tx
griseofulvin
rheumatic fever labs
ASO ab
high ESR/CRP
leukocytosis
rheumatic fever tx
Pen G and ASA
sister Mary and Joseph node for which OBGyn cancer
ovarian
cervical cancer MC type
SCC
erysipelas bug
GAS group A strep
only murmur associated with hemoptysis
mitral stenosis
syphilis associated w/ what murmur
aortic regurgitation
DeMusset sign
head bobbing
aortic regurgitation
water hammer pulse murmur
aortic regurgitation
peritonsilar abscess bug
strep pyogenes
MVP tx
BB
pericardial knock
constrictive pericarditis
Tx for dresslers syndrome
ASA or colchicine
vaginal cancer type
SCC
tx for PAD
cilostazol
vulvular cancer type
SCC
1st line tx status epilepticus
benzo
BB for aortic dissection
labetalol
esmolol
what drugs can cause aortic dissection
cocaine
PCOS US
string of pearls
wagon wheel
congenital hip dysplasia tests
Barlow
ortolani
venous ulcer location
medial malleolus
GBS tx
airway
IVIG
plasmapheresis
cluster HA tx
sumatriptan + 100% O2
osteochondroma vs osteosarcoma
osteochondroma: painless mass
osteosarcoma: bone pain
PAD ulcer location
lateral malleolus
peripheral vertigo test
dix hall pike
peripheral vertigo tx
epley maneuver
meclizine
Ewing sarcoma xray
onion skin
fixed split S2
ASD
MC ASD
ostium secundum
VSD murmur
LLSB harsh high pitched holosystolic murmur
MC AE CCB
constipation
BV etiology
garnerella vaginalis
coarctation of aorta CXR
rib notching
figure 3 sign
PDA Tx
indomethacin
tetralogy of fallot xray
boot shaped heart
pancreatitis xray
sentinel loop
colon cut off sign
MC type of pancreatic cancer
adenocarcinoma of head
cardiac tamponade EKG
electrical alternans
valve associated w/ rheumatic fever
mitral
HOCM murmur increases w/
valsalva
1st line med for HOCM
BB
pancreatic cancer sx
painless jaundice
cancer of pancreatic head surgery
Whipple procedure
vaginal candidiasis tx in first trimester pregnancy
itraconazole
MC valve affected by IVDU and endocarditis
Tricuspid
congenital long QT syndrome tx
BB
MCC acute bronchiolitis
RSV
abx given pre-op for appendicitis
cefotetan IV
emphysema ABG
respiratory alkalosis
chronic bronchitis ABG
respiratory acidosis
emphysema sx
pink puffer
barrel chest
pursed lips
chronic bronchitis sx
blue bloater
painless monocular vision loss
CRAO
tumor marker for testicular cancer
AFP
hypertensive emergency tx
sodium nitroprusside
hypertensive urgency tx
clonidine
Narcolepsy tx
modafinil
planned naps during the day
UC barium swallow
stovepipe sign
- PANCA
+ ASCA
Crohns
+ PANCA
- ASCA
UC
Maintenance tx for crohns
mesalamine
anticholinergics CI
BPH
glaucoma
TB xray
Gohn complex
SBO xray
air fluid levels
multiple dilated loops of bowel
bronchiectasis CT
tram track appearance
LBO xray
“northern exposure” sign
coffee bean sign
pneumoperitoneum
Which antigen is increased in colorectal cancer
CEA- carcinoembryonic antigen
pancreatic cancer marker
CA 19-9
honeycombing lung on xray/CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
ground glass opacities
monotherapy for diverticulitis
moxifloxacin
chocolate cyst
endometrioma
powder burn
mulberry lesion
endometriosis
asbestosis xray
pleural plaques
shaggy heart sign
hyponatremia is seen with which type of pneumonia
legionella
intussusception buzzword
currant jelly stool
sausage shaped mass
hep c screening
serum AFP
US
Urge incontinence tx
bladder training
Detrol or oxybutinin
double bubble on xray
duodenal atresia
3Ds of niacin deficiency
dermatitis
dementia
diarrhea
bird/bat dropping exposure
histoplasmosis
CAP outpatient tx
macrolide
doxycycline
CAP inpatient tx
macrolide + beta lactam
augmentin
CAP ICU tx
B lactam + macrolide or B lactam + BS FQ
aspiration pneumonia tx
clindamycin
metronidazole
anti-pseudomonas b lactam
pep/tazo
cefepime
imipenem
ceftazadime
female infertility tx
clomid (clomiphene)
pinworm parasite
enterobius vermicularis
pinworm tx
albendazole
posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
EBV (MONO)
carcinoid tumor dx
elevated urinary 5-HIAA levels
when is glucose tolerance tested
24-28w
when do you test GBS during pregnancy
32-37w
tx VWD
desmopressin
adenocarcinoma lung location
peripheral (SCC is central)
which cancer where surgery is not a choice
small cell lung cancer
small cell lung cancer associated w/
SVC super vena cava syndrome
(JVD, facial plethora, prominent chest veins)
when QUAD screen done
15-22 wk
try at 16w for best results
Fibromyalgia criteria
diffuse pain 11/18 trigger points for >3m
fibromyalgia dx
muscle bx: moth eaten appearance
Tx for fetal lung development
betamethasone at 26-30w
worst HA of my life
subarachnoid hemorrhage
hyperthyroidism labs
increased PTH, Ca
decreased P
test of choice for hyperparathyroidism
US
HLA-DR4
DMT1
rheumatoid arthritis
Addison dz
MCC reactive arthritis
chlamydia
sjogren associated with increase chance of getting
non-hodgkins lymphoma
tx to suppress uterine contractions
tocolytics (terbutaline, mg sulfate)
MC small vasculitis in childhood
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
MC childhood bleeding disorder
ITP
MCC thrombocytopenia
ITP
Dx pheochromocytoma
24h urinary catecholamines
tx pheochromocytoma
phenoxybenzamine 10-14d pre-op then propranolol
uterine atony tx
oxytocin IV
misopristol
MCC endometritis
GABHS
S. aureus
MC type of hip dislocation
posterior
hip dislocation sx
leg shortened
internally rotated
adducted
diphtheria tx
antitoxin
erythromycin/PCN
strep pneumonia tx
amoxicillin
Addisons tx
hydrocortisone (glucocorticoid) +
fludrocortisone (mineralcorticoid)
glucocorticoid only in secondary
cushings test
low dose dexamethasone suppression test
normal- suppression of cortisol
Cushings: cortisol increasing in 24h urine
Cushings tx
surgical resection of tumor
DI test
fluid deprivation test
DI: continues to make diluted urine
Central: desmopressen will have response with ADH
nephrogenic: still make dilute urine.
central DI tx
desmopressin
carbamazepine
MC congenital heart defect
VSD
how to close patent ductus arteriosis
prostaglandin inhibitor (IV indomethacin)
how to keep open PDA
prostaglandin E1 analog (alprostadil)
small kidney on US
CKD
if large: DM
which drug can cause hyperparathyroidism
lithium
hyperparathyroid test
24h urine calcium level
MC CSF findings
high IgG oligoclonal bands
Guillian barre CSF
high protein
normal WBC
gout tx
NSAIDS: indomethacin
L4 disk issue
anterior thigh pain
loss of knee jerk reflex
L5 disk issue
lateral thigh pain
S1 disk issue
posterior thigh
loss of ankle jerk reflex
cluster HA prophylaxis
CCB
CSF shows increased RBF
herpes encephalitis
MRI temporal lobe edema
triptans CI
HTN
cardiovascular disease
blood in stool + diarrhea
salmonella
shigella
myasthenia gravis tx
Beta interferon
what nerve foot drop
common peroneal nerve
tx w/ ankle splint
HTN + hematuria + periorbital edema
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis AKI
MC prostate cancer
adenocarcimoma
polycystic kidney tx
ACE correct BP
AML PE
hepatosplenomegaly
FEVER
greasy stool
giargia
ITP PE
normal coag factors
child 2-6yo
recent viral infx
red spots on skin
low plt count
posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
EBV MONO
histoplasmosis tx
itraconazole if severe
amphotericin B
histoplasmosis CD4
<150
HIV caused by
retrovirus
toxoplasmosis tx
pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
what drugs can be added to statin to improve CV issues
ezetimibe
C diff infx tx
metronidazole
(alternative is oral Vanco)
giardia tx
metronidazole
SIADH what electrolytes increased
K
reactive arthritis tx
NSAIDs
Which med is neuropcrotecive in dementia
memantine
campylobacter enteritis tx
erythromycin
pea soup stools
salmonella
3 drugs that can cause myocarditis
clozapine
thiazide
PCN
schistocytes seen with
TTP
HUS
DIC
recurrent venous/arterial thrombosis at early age
antiphospholipid syndrome: assoc w/ lupus
labs show: thrombocytopenia
tx: anticoags
acute onset hematuria and facial edema in a child
post GAS glomerulonephritis
fibromyalgia tx
amitriptyline
BB OD tx
insulin and glucagon
lead toxicity tx
succimer
EDTA
iron OD tx
deferoxamine
amphetamine ingestion OD tx
benzos
ASA OD sx
ringing of ears
Which OD affects vision
methanol
methanol OD vision changes
snowfield vision
ethylene glycol OD tx
fomepizole
tamoxifen RF
DVT
endometrial cancer
pt can’t take metformin, give
glipizide
If statins cause myalgia, add
Co Q10
smokers pneumonia bug
H. flu
atypical pneumonia tx
azithromycin
blowing murmurs
Regurg (aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation)
rumble murmurs
Stenosis (aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis)
cromolyn sodium is
mast cell stabilizer
used for allergic rhinitis in children and pregnancy
absent patellar reflex is what nerve root
L4
Tau proteins think
alzheimer dz
EPO-E4 apolipoprotein on chromosome 19 assoc w/ increased risk of Alzheimers
poly arthritis nodosa tx
cyclophosphamide
CS
3 drugs that can cause lupus
PIQ
procainamide
isoniazid
quinidine
G6PD PBS
Heinz bodies
bite cells
Howell jolly bodies
sickle cell
first line abx epiglottis
IV ceftriaxone
topiramate MC AE
paresthesias
tx trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
slit lamp reveals “cell and flare” in anterior chamber
iritis
CA19-9
pancreatic cancer
gallbladder cancer
bile duct cancer
gastric cancer
CA-125
ovarian cancer
CEA
colorectal cancer
recent URI may cause hematuria in patient w/
IgA neuropathy (Bergers dz)
hemoptysis w/ hematuria sx of
goodpasture syndrome
aphthous ulcer associated w/ which HHV
HHV6
aphthous ulcer tx
topical oral steroids (triamcinolone)
cholesteatoma causes what kind of hearing loss
conductive
MCC corneal ulcers
bacterial- pseudomonas
HSV keratitis tx
topical antiviral ganciclovir
PO acyclovir
MC bug causes dacrycystitis
S. aureus
MCC hordeolum
S. aureus
drusen spots
dry macular degeneration
which nystagmus seen with Meniere’s disease
horizontal
swollen optic disk w/ blurred margins
papilledema
papilledema tx
diuretics (acetazolamide)
bilateral swollen parotids, indication of
mumps
MCC parotitis
paramyxovirus
retinal detachment sx
curtain coming down
photopsia, floaters
progressive unilateral vision loss
not painful
retinal detachment tx
optho emergency
keep supine
blood and thunder on fundoscopy
CRVO
MCC new permanent vision loss in 25-74yo
retinopathy
cotton wool patches and blot and dot hemorrhages
nonproliferation retinopathy
MC bug causing sialadenitis
A. aureus
CI to OCP
women >35 smokers
Hx blood clots
breast cancer
migraine w/ aura
which OCP safe in lactation
mini pill progestin only
risk of starting hormonal therapy several years after onset of menopause
MI in 1st 12mo
vaginal candiasis tx
single dose fluconazole
vaginal candidiasis in 1st trimester tx
itraconazole
tennis elbow tx
splint forearm
PT
injection/surgery
heberden node at DIP and Bouchard node at PIP
OA
OA tx
Tylenol first line
NSAIDS
joint injections
tx severe acne
isotrentinoin
only childhood exanthema that starts on trunk and spread to face
roseola, 6th disease
roseola caused by which HHV
HHV 6 and 7
MC virus causes hand foot mouth dz
coxsackie A virus
harold patch
pityriasis rosea
tx tinea capitus
griseofulvin
which SSRI reduce binge-purge cycle
fluoxetine
balanitis tx fungal cause
clotrimazole 1%
teardrop pupil
ruptured globe w/ iris prolapse (optho emergency)
drugs that can cause macular degeneration
chloroquine
phenothiazine
nerve that causes wrist drop
radial
fracture of which bone causes wrist drop
mid shaft humerus fx
MC elbow dislocation
posterior
elbow xray in child shows posterior fat pad and sail sign
supracondylar fx
elevated cold agglutinin titer seen in
mycoplasma pneumonia
Pt on PTU for graves, monitor
liver failure
leukopenia
amiodarone FDA box warning
irreversible pulmonary fibrosis
prinzmetal test
IV ergonovine test
drug that can cause myocarditis
clozapine
which murmurs are seen with dilated cardiomyopathy
Mitral regurgitation
tricuspid regurgitation
HOCM avoid these meds
digoxin
diuretics
nitrates
erythema marginatum distribution
bathing suit distribution
which murmur doesn’t radiate
mitral stenosis
severe aortic stenosis avoid these meds
BB
CCB
nitrates
HCTZ AE
HyperGLUC (glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia)
CCB AE
gingival hyperplasia
constipation
edema
flushing, dizziness
cardiac depression
niacin may precipitate
gout
aortic dissection vs AAA
aortic dissection: MCC HTN
AAA: MCC atherosclerosis
drugs that cause AV blocks
ABCD (amiodarone, BB, CCB, digoxin)
which cholesterol med can cause constipation and metabolic acidosis
bile sequestrant
lithium use in pregnancy can lead to
epstein anomoly (tricuspid valve issue)
dont use amiodarone for
torsades de pointes
which type of lung cancer is centrally located
squamous cell carcinoma
1st line tx keloids
CS inj
dacrocystitis tx
clindamycin + 3rd gen cephalosporin
perioral dermatitis tx
topical metronidazole
anticholinergics antidote
physostigmine
folliculitis tx
mupirocin ointment and topical benzoyl peroxide cream first line
oral abx: dicloxicillin and cephalexin
androgenic alopecia tx
topical minoxidil and oral finasteride
trichophpyton rubrum
athletes foot
onychomycosis
hx of anaphylaxis to eggs or penicillin are relative CI to which vaccine
MMR
sulfonylureas AE
hypoglycemia
toxoplasmosis tx in pregnancy
spiramycin
head tilt away from side of lesion, cranial nerve
trochlear nerve CN IV
jaw deviation toward side of lesion CN
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve CN V3
tongue deviation towards side of lesion CN
hypoglossal nerve CN XII
Which eye muscle does CNVI (abducens nerve) innervate
lateral rectus
Bells palsy forehead
forehead is not spared
bilateral palsy is linked to which conditions
lyme disease
infectious mononucleosis
wernicke encephalopathy caused by
thiamine (B1) deficiency
wernicke encephalopathy sx
ataxia
confusion
nystagmus
cluster HA sx
unilateral pain localized behind 1 eye
brief yet repetitive
lasts 15-180min
Tx for West Nile
supportive
rabies sx
diplopia, neuritis
excessive salivation
respiratory paralysis
west nile sx
flu like sx
URI sx
maculopapular rash
fever
sx last 3-6d
herpes encephalitis CSF
elevated RBC
herpes encephalitis sx
rapid onset fever
HA, seizure
focal neurologic signs
impaired consciousness
personality changes
meningococcemia etiology
neisseria meningitidis (gram negative diplococcus, aerobic)
meningococcemia sx
military recruit or student
F, HA, arthralgia, rash
petechiae
skin lesions w/ gray necrotic centers
meningococcemia tx
ceftriaxone and vancomycin
meningococcemia complication
waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome: bilateral adrenal hemorrhage w/ meningococcus
meningioma arises from
arachnoid
meningioma prognosis
usually benign
glioblastoma multiforme presentation
rapid presentation
MC malignant primary brain tumor
glioblastoma multiforme
glioblastoma multiforme prognosis
poor
<1yr from time of dx
MC malignant brain tumor in adults
glioblastoma
MC malignant brain tumor in children
medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma sx
increased ICP
CN VI palsy
HA, vomiting, ataxia
pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) presentation
young obese female w/ hx of vitamin A toxicity
use of steroids or tetracyclines
pseudotumor cerebri PE
CN VI palsy
vpapilledema
visual sx
elevated opening pressure on LP
tx pseudotumor cerebri
aacetazolamide
serial LP
weight loss
GBS sx
symmetric progressive ascending muscle weakness
lack of DTF
tx absence seizures
ethosuximide
tx urge incontinence
oxybutynin
tx overflow incontinence
alpha blockers
tx peyronie’s dz
pentoxifylline
MC penile cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
Mitral Regurgitation murmur
Holosystolic @ apex
Radiate to axilla
wide split S2
Aortic stenosis murmur
Crescendo Decrescendo
Systolic
RUSB
Rad to carotids
Louder w/ squatting
Tricuspid regurgitation murmur
high pitched holosystolic
increase w/ inspiration
LLSB
Pulmonic stenosis murmur
Systolic crescendo decrescendo
LUSB
JVD and RVH
Aortic regurgitation murmur
blowing decrescendo diastolic
LUSB
louder when leaning forward w/ breath held
Mitral Stenosis murmur
diastolic rumble
opening snap
HOCM vs Aortic stenosis
HOCM murmur increase w/ valsalva, lessened with handgrip/squatting
MVP murmur
mid-late systolic click
inc w/ standing/valsalva
Pericarditis hallmark
friction rub
EKG: Everything up
Buerger disease
Vasculitis of small-medium arteries of extremities
tobacco use
Men <45yo
Tx: stop smoking
Optic neuritis tx
IV CS
mastoiditis tx
Admit
IV vanco
oral abx
surgery
Vestibular neuritis vs acute labyrinthitis
Vestibular neuritis: no hearing loss
Labyrinthitis: hearing loss
Vestibular schwannoma/ acoustic neuroma dx
MRI of head/brain w/ contrast
anterior epistaxis tx
intranasal oxymetazoline
oral hairy leukoplakia seen in which patient
HIV and EBV induced patients
SIADH tx
fluid restriction mainstay
Adrenal insufficiency dx
serum cortisol
ACTH stimulation testing
Addisons tx
replacement therapy: hydrocortisone, frudrocortisone
DHEA
TOC pheochromocytoma
surgical resection
MEN1
tumors of anterior pituitary, parathyroid, and endocrine pancreas
MEN2A
medullary thyroid carcinoma
pheochromocytoma
primary hyperparathyroidism
Men2B
Medullary thyroid cancer
pheochromocytoma
mucosa neuromas
intestinal ganglioneuromas
marfanoid habitus
choledocholithiasis tx
ERCP TOC
hemochromatosis lab hallmark
increased % transferrin
increased saturation
increased ferritin
Wilsons disease sx
Kaiser Fleischer ring
Wilsons disease tx
penicillamine copper chelation
hepatitis B prophylaxis
Preventative: HBV vaccine: if not allergic to yeast
Post exposure: hepatitis B immunoglobulin + HBV vaccine
hepatocellular cancer marker
AFP
Celiac dz labs
tTG (tissue transglutaminase) IgA
EMA (endomysial IgA antibody) IgA
Smoking for IBD
Protective in UC
Harmful in crohns
IBD tx
mesalamine 1st line
colorectal cancer screen
45-75yo
>85yo should not get screened
niacin deficiency
B3
pellagra (3Ds): dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
thiamine deficiency
B1
from alcohol
BeriBeri
high output CHF/ wernickes encephalopathy
beta thalassemia PBS
target cell
basophilic stippling
Sideroblastic anemia diagnostic test
bone marrow: ringed sideroblast w/ Prussian blue stain
vitamin B12 deficiency PBS
hypersegmented neutrophils
folate deficiency PBS
Howell jolly bodies
G6PD PBS
bite cells, blister cells
hemighosts
Heinz bodies
essential thrombocytosis sx
HA
redness and burning of palms and soles
splenomegaly
essential thrombocytosis tx
hydroxyurea
CML tx
imitinib mesylate (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
bone marrow transplant- curative
CLL PBS
smudge cells
CLL tx
watch and wait
chemo/stem cell transplant
AML PBS
auer rods
AML tx
chemo
stem cell transplant
pediatric leukemia
ALL
ALL tx
chemo
hodgkin lymphoma bx
reed Sternberg cells
TTP PBS, labs
schistocytes
normal coag panel
TTP tx
plasmapheresis
von willebrand dz tx
avoid aspirin
desmopressin
hemophilia sx
hemarthrosis
bleeding
hemophilia A tx
desmopressin
factor 8
hemophilia b tx
factor 9
FFP
avoid aspirin
pnemocystosis etiology
pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP)
pneumocystosis tx
bactrim + prednisone
RMSF rash
red macular rash on wrists and ankles
spreads centrally
turns petechial
gonorrhea tx
ceftriaxone
azithromycin
chlamydia tx
azithromycin or doxycycline
syphilis tx
penicillin G
infective endocarditis tx
vancomycin + ceftriaxone
vancomycin + gentamicin
campylobacter jejeni tx
azithromycin
FeNa Pre/Intra/Post renal
Pre: <1%
Intrinsic: >1%
Post: >4%
ATN pathognomonic
muddy brown casts
AIN sx
fever, rash, arthralgia
WBC casts
glomerulonephritis pathognomonic
RBC casts
Cranial nerves
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel A Girls Vagina And Hymen
Olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal
Cranial nerves (Motor/sensory)
Some Say Marry Money But My Brothers Says Big Brain Matter More
status epilepticus tx
ABC
rectal diazepam
IV lorazepam + IV phenytoin
Cervical myotomes (C5-C8)
C5: deltoid, arm abduction
C6: biceps, arm flexion
C7: triceps, arm extension
C8: interossei, palmar adduct and dorsal adduct
lumbar myotomes (L4-S1)
L4: quadriceps, extension of knee
L5: anterior tibialis, heel walking
S1: gastrocnemius, toe walking
Unhappy triad
ACL
MCL
Medial meniscus
Meniscal injury testing
McMurrays
Apley’s
pertussis tx
azithromycin
erythema infectiousum etiology
fifth disease
Parvovirus B19
scarlet fever sx
sore throat
sandpaper rash
strawberry tongue w/ white coating
ASD murmur
systolic ejection murmur
LUSB
widely split and fixed S2
VSD murmur
loud harsh blowing
holosystolic murmur
LLSB
LMWH antidote
protamine
Class I antiarrhythmics
Block Na channels
IA: quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide
IB: lidocaine
IC: flecainide
Class II antiarrhythmics
BB
class III antiarrhythmics
blocks K channels
sotolol, dronedarone
amiodarone
Class IV antiarrhythmics
block Ca channels and slows conduction thru AV node
verapamil, diltiazem (non-dihydro CCB)
digoxin AE
delirium/hallucinations
visual disturbances (yellow/green, blur)
Nonselective BB
propranolol
timolol
sotalol
selective BB
metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol
BB w/ alpha 1 blocking activity
labetalol, carvedilol
alpha blockers and AE
prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
AE: sedation, priapism, hypotension
opioid AE
somnolence
constipation
flushing/itching
respiratory depression
metformin AE
metallic taste
lactic acidosis
hepatotoxicity
hydroxychloroquine AE
retinal toxicity- regular dilated eye exams needed
SLE criteria
Need 4
malar rash, discoid skin lesions, photosensitivity
oral ulcers, arthritis, serositis (pericarditis/pleuritis)
renal dz (proteinuria), neurological dz (seizures, psychosis),
anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
anti-DNA or false pos VDRL, abnormal ANA titer
Positive HLA-B27 spondyloarthropathies
ankylosing spondylitis
reactive arthritis
psoriatic arthritis
GI (colic) arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis tx
SAID
glucocorticoid
DMARD
physiotherapy
phenytoin AE
hirsutism
diplopia
gingival hyperplasia
granulomatosis w/ polyangitis sx
triad: upper respiratory sx, lower respiratory sx, focal segmental glomerulonephritis
polymyositis sx
proximal symmetric muscle weakness: shoulder girdle (deltoid), pelvic girdle (hip flexors), neck flexors
dermatomyositis sx
heliotrope rash
grotton’s papules
shawl sign/ V sign
calcinassi cutis
polymyalgia rheumatica sx
SECRET
symmetric proximal stiffness/pain
elderly
constitutional sx/ caucasian
rheumatism (arthritis)
ESR elevated
temporal arteritis
MCC pneumonia in alcoholics
klebsiella
aortic stenosis triad
ASH
angina
syncope
heart failure
MC fx in pagets dz
vertebral crush fx
Vit B12 deficiency at risk for what
gastric cancer`
pertussis tx
azithromycin
meds that improve mortality for HF
ACE
BB
spironolactone
hydralazine
1st line acute pericarditis
NSAIDS (indomethacin)
Coarctation of aorta CXR
rib notching
figure 3 sign
pericardial effusion ekg
electrical alternans
low voltage QRS
endocarditis sx
Roth spots
MC heart malformation
VSD
