EENT Flashcards
MCC bacterial conjunctivitis
s. aureus
s. pneumo
bacterial conjunctivitis tx
warm compress
topical erythromycin
gonorrheal conjunctivitis tx
IM ceftriaxone, topical erythromycin
chlamydial conjunctivitis tx
PO doxy or azithromycin
neonatal conjunctivitis etiology by days
day 1: silver nitrate (chemical cause)
day 2-5: gonococcal
day 5-7: chlamydia
day 7-11: HSV
posterior uveitis
choroid inflammation assoc w/ HLAB27
sarcoidosis, MS
painless vision loss, floaters, dec/blurred vision
ophthalmic referral/ systemic CS
anterior uveitis sx
d/t underlying infx (AIDS, sarcoidosis)
unilateral vision loss, pain, redness, photophobia
constricted pupil, ciliary injection, painful eye movement
extra ocular sx: erythema nodosum, cough, lofgren syndrome
lofgren syndrome
sx of anterior uveitis
hx of sarcoidosis
erythema nodosum
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
polyarthralgia
fever
anterior uveitis test
CT: bilateral hilar adenopathy, pulmonary reticular infiltrates
hypercalcemia, hypercalcinuria
elevated ACE
anterior uveitis tx
ophthalmology referral
topical CS
nuclear vs peripheral cataract
nuclear: gray when seen by flashlight
peripheral: smoke like shadows, black against red
cataract test
SLIT lamp (yellow brown color)
fundoscopy: cataract is black on red background
cataract sx
painless blurred vision over months or years
halo around lights
absent red reflex
lens opacity
cataract tx
surgery
differential diagnosis for cataracts
retinoblastoma: absent red reflex + white pupil
corneal ulcer sx
pain, tearing, photophobia, gritty feeling
oval ulcer w/ ragged edges, severe conjunctival inflammation
white, hazy irregularity of cornea
corneal ulcer test
visual acuity
fluorescein staining
corneal ulcer tx
referral
herpes simplex infx in eye hallmark
dendritic ulcers, branching on fluorescein stain
herpes zoster opthalmicus etiology
varicella zoster- shingles
hypopyon
accumulation of pus in anterior chamber of eye
from severe keratitis infection
pterygium
fleshy triangular encroachment onto cornea
pinguecula
yellowish nodule on bulbular conjunctiva on nasal side
dacrocystitis vs dacroadenitis
dacrocystitis: lacrimal sac: medial canthos
dacroadenitis: lacrimal glands, above eyelid
dacrocystitis MCC
s. aureus
dacrycystitis or dacroadenitis tx
lid hygiene
acute: bacitracin and erythromycin or systemic tetracycline
chronic: obstruction –> dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)
blepharitis MCC (anterior and posterior)
anterior: staph
posterior: meibomian gland dysfunction
anterior blepharitis sx
red rim
posterior blepharitis sx
hyperemic telangiectasias
blepharitis tx
supportive, lid scrub, warm compress
PO tetracycline, topical erythromycin
bactracin if refractory
chalazion vs hordeolum
chalazion: painless
hordeolum: painful
chalazion tx
initlal: warm compress
2nd: topical abx (erythromycin)
3rd: I&D
hordeolum tx
warm compress
erythromycin, bacitracin ointment
if no improvement in 2d, I&D
MCC optic neuritis
MS
med that causes optic neuritis
ethambutol
optic neuritis sx
unilateral central vision loss
periorbital pain
poor color perception
Marcus gunn pupil
optic neuritis tx
IV methylprednisolone –> oral CS
papilledema is a sign of
increased intracranial pressure
papilledema fundus exam
blurred disk margins
flame homorrhages
white cotton wool spots
papilledema tx
tx cause of increased intracranial pressure
keep bed elevated
diuretics (furosemide or acetazolamide)
orbital cellulitis causes
sinusitis (ethmoid)
dental infection
skin infection
orbital cellulitis sx
dec vision, warm to touch
fever, eyelid redness
dec EOM, pain w/ EOM
proptosis
preseptal cellulitis sx
fever
respiratory infection
sepsis
EOM normal
orbital cellulitis dx
high res CT for dx
periorbital cellulitis tx
augmentin
orbital cellulitis tx
hospital
IV abx (ceftriaxone and vancomycin)
macular degeneration dry vs wet
dry: MC, gradual, atrophic cause
wet: neovascularization, rapid progression
macular degeneration sx
leading cause of permanent vision loss in elderly
central vision loss only
drusen (yellow deposit of debris)
scotomas
macular degeneration tests
amsler grid for dry central vision loss
fluorescent angiography for wet
macular degeneration tx
wet: laser photocoagulation, ranibizumab. optical tomography for monitoring
dry: zinc, vitamin A/C/E
MC location retinal detachment
superior temporal area
retinal detachment sx
unilateral painless central vision loss
shadow/curtain descending
floaters, flash of light
+shafers sign
tobacco dust
retinal detachment tx
emergency: refer to ophthalmology
supine position
photocoagulation, cryosurgery
retinopathy screening
57 if DMT1 then annually
if DMT2, annually
retinopathy tx
pan retinal laser photocoagulation
diabetic retinopathy sx for diabetic
hard exudates
cotton wool spots
flame shaped blot and dot