CME Resources Flashcards
Abx that causes ototoxicity (2)
Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin > vancomycin (permanent sensorineural)
minocycline (transient vestibular dysfunction (dizzy, N/V)
Abx that causes nephrotoxicity (2)
aminoglycosides: gentamicin (ATN)
vancomycin
Abx that causes disulfiram like reactions (1)
metronidazole
N/V/D, abd cramps, flushing, tachycardia, HA
Abx that causes red man syndrome
vancomycin
abx that causes red lobster syndrome
rifampin
abx that causes discolored teeth
tetracyclines: do not give to pregnant women or children <8yo
abx that causes yellow babies
sulfonamides: don’t use in women near term or neonates
abx with highest incidence of C. diff
clindamycin
abx with highest prevalence of C. diff (3)
Oral aminopenicillins (amoxicillin and augmentin) oral cephalosporins (cephalexin) oral FQ (levofloxacin)
abx that can cause diffuse nonurticarial maculopapular rash with EBV
aminopenicillin: ampicillin
potential abx complications in pregnancy
FAST FQ: arthropathy Aminoglycosides: CN8 toxicity in fetus sulfonamides: newborn kernicterus tetracyclines: tooth/bone problems for infant
if allergic to penicillin G, also allergic to
cefoxitin
if allergic to ampicillin, allergic to (2)
cefaclor
cephalexin
if penicillin causes macunopapular rash, use
cephalosporins
If penicillin causes anaphylaxis
do not use penicillin or cephalosporin
Benzathine penicillin used for
syphilis
S. pyogenes (group A strep): pharyngitis, cellulitis
anti staphylococcal penicillins
nafcillin
dicloxicillin
anti streptococcal penicillins coverage
S. pyogenes (group A strep)
S. aureus
indications for anti streptococcal penicillins
skin and soft tissue infections
abscesses
aminopenicillins
ampicillin
amoxicillin
amino penicillin coverage
S. pyogenes (group A strep) GBS S. pneumo enterococcus B. burgdorferi proteus listeria
aminopenicillin indications
URI
endocarditis prophylaxis for dental care
lyme kids <8yo
augmented amino penicillin indications
animal/human bite prophylaxis/tx
URI
dental infections
skin and soft tissue infx
zosyn indications
nosocomial infections
1st gen cephalosporins (2)
cefazolin (ancef)
cephalexin (Keflex)
good gram + coverage
cephalosporin indications (1st gen)
skin and soft tissue infx strep pharyngitis (if PCN intolerant) preoperative prophylaxis (cepfazolin) uncomplicated cystitis (pregnant)
2nd gen “respiratory” cephalosporins
cefuroxime
2nd gen cephalosporins indications
URI
skin and soft tissue infx
3rd gen oral cephalosporins
cefpodoxime cefdinir (omnicef)
3rd gen perenteral cephalosporin
ceftriaxone (rocephin)
covers most gram neg
ceftriaxone indications
CAP w/ azithromycin
Meningitis
gonorrhea
abdominopelvic infx (pyelonephritis, diverticulitis)
4th gen parenteral cephalosporin
cefepime
vancomycin indication
gram + only
PO: C. diff
IV: MRSA, systemic infx, severe skin and soft tissue infx
do not combine tetracyclines w/ __ to prevent pseusotumor cerebri
isotreninoin
tetracyclines
doxycycline
minocycline
tetracycline indications
URI
CAP
Non-gonococcal urethritis/cervicitis
tick born disease (lyme, RMSF)
macrolides
erythromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin AE
QTc prolongation
N/V/D
clarithromycin AE
metallic taste
TOC bordatella pertussis
macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)
lincosamides
clindamycin
clindamycin AE
C. diff
aminoglycosides
gentamycin
tobramycin
aminoglycoside AE
nephrotoxicity (usually reversible)
ototoxicity (irreversible)
Fluoroquinolones AE
arthropathy, neuropathy, CI in kida <18yo acute achilles tendon rupture dysglycemia QT prolongation
non respiratory FQ
ciprofloxacin
respiratory FQ
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole AE
hypersensitivity rxn
reversible myelosupression
hemolytic anemia in G6PD pts
bactrim indications
P. jiroveci (PCP) pneumonia MRSA tx (not serious infx, ex furunculosis)
Nitroimidazoles
metronidazole
tinidazole
metronidazole AE
metallic taste
disulfiram like reaction
fetotoxic in 1st trimester
Amphotericin B ae
nephrotoxicity
terbinafine AE
hepatotoxicity
Abx used for MSSA
Oral: gold standard: dicloxacillin; Silver standard: cephalexin
Parenteral: gold: nafcillin; silver: cefazolin, bronze: vancomycin
Abx used for MRSA
Oral: Linezolid and tedizolid, doxycycline and minocycline, Bactrim, clindamycin
Parenteral: Gold: vancomycin
abx used for pseudomonas
Oral: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Parenteral: zosyn, aztreonam, ceftazidime, ceftolazone, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tobramycin, doripenem > meropenem> imipenem
vancomycin resistant enterococcus abx
Oral: linezolid, tedizolid
Parenteral: daptomycin, tigercycline linezolid, tedizolid
abx for anaerobics
Oral: gold standard: metronidazole or augmentin; silver standard: clindamycin
Parenteral: gold: Gold: zosyn, carbapenems, metronidazole; silver: clindamycin
