Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNCE > Endo JB > Flashcards

Endo JB Flashcards

1
Q

Acromegaly dx

A

Screening: ILGF-1
confirm: oral glucose suppression test increase GH levels in acromegaly
MRI of pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acromegaly sx

A

DM, glucose tolerance
enlarge feet, hands, skull, jaw
coarse facial features
doughy skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acromegaly tx

A

transsphenoidal surgery + bromocriptine
rad therapy if GH levels high after surgery
octreotide
pegvisomant can be added to octreotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MCC adrenal crisis

A

abrupt withdrawal of GCS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adrenal crisis presentation

A

shock: hypoTN, hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

adrenal crisis tx

A

IV fluids
GCS: hydrocortisone if known Addison, dexamethasone if unknown
reverse electrolyte disorders
fludricortisone- synthetic mineralocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adrenal insufficiency dx

A

Baseline 8am cortisol and renin
high dose cosynotropin test- screening
CRH stimulation differentiates causes of adrenal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adrenal insufficiency tx

A

primary: GCS + mineralocorticoids
secondary: GCS
GCS: dexamethasone, hydrocortisone
mineralocorticoids: fludricortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adrenocortical insufficiency sx

A 
trunk pain w/ anorexia, N/V
hypotension, F ,confusion
hyper pigmented, salt cravings
hypoglycemia
loss of axillary/pubic hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Charcot arthropathy

A

diabetic foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cushing syndrome sx

A 
central obesity
moon facies
buffalo hump
supraclavicular fat pads 
thin extremities, skin atrophy
hyperpigmentation, acanthuses nigricans 
hirsutism, acne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cushings Dx

A

screening: low dose dexamethasone suppression test, 24h urinary free cortisol, salivary cortisol levels
Differentiation: high dose dexamethasone suppression test, ACTH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cushings tx

A

pituitary: transphenoidal surgery, radiation
Ectopic tumors: tumor removal, ketoconazole or metyrapone (if inoperable)
iatrogenic steroid therapy: steroid taper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diabetes insipidus sx

A

sx with decreased oral water intake
polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia
dehydration, hypoTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diabetes insipidus dx

A

fluid deprivation test
desmopressin (ADH) stimulation test: central vs nephrogenic DI (central=dec urine output w/ ADH, nephrogenic= no response to ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diabetes insipidus tx

A

central: DDAVP, carbamazepine
nephrogenic: Na/protein restriction –> HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride if due to lithium
sx: hypotonic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DKA labs

A 
high anion gap metabolic acidosis: low pH/bicarb/CO2
increased RR (kussmaul) 
\+ ketones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DKA tx

A 
IV fluids
regular insulin
potassium 
bicarb
Goal= close anion gap
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Graves dz tx

A 
radioactive iodine MC
levothyroxine
methimazole/PTU (PTU safe in pregnancy)
BB (propranolol) for tremors
thyroidectomy
20
Q

hyperaldosteronism sx

A 
refractory HTN 
low K, low Mg
proximal muscle weakness, decreased DTR
polyuria, constipation
fatigue
21
Q

Hyperaldosteronism dx

A

aldosterone renin ratio screening: primary vs secondary

definitive: saline infusion test, sodium loading

22
Q

hyperaldosteronism tx

A

conns: excision + spironolactone
hyperplasia: spironolactone, ACE, BB, correct electrolyte
secondary (renovascular HTN): angioplasty definitive, ACE

23
Q

Cushing syndrome vs Cushing dz

A

syndrome: from steroids
disease: from pituitary adenoma

24
Q

Hyperosmolar coma

A

from hyperosmoler hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)
Mental status change
Goal of tx is normal mental status

25
Q

Hyperparathyroidism sx

A 
stones 
bones
groans
psychiatric overtones 
decreased DTR
26
Q

hypoparathyroidism PE

A

triad: hypocalcemia, decreased PTH, increased P
carpopedal spasms
trousseau sign
chvostek sign

27
Q

hypothyroidism labs

A

high TSH, low T4
decreased RIU
check for iodine deficiency

28
Q

hashimotos thyroiditis labs

A

+ thyroid ab
thyroglobulin ab
antimicrosomial
thyroid peroxidase ab

29
Q

Hypothyroidism (myxedema) sx

A

cold tolerance, goiter, bradycardia, delayed relaxation to DTR

30
Q

hypothyroidism (myxedema) labs

A

decreased T3/T4

increased TSH

31
Q

klinefelter syndrome sx

A

hypogonadism
small testes/infertility
tall stature, gynecomastia
scarce pubic hair

32
Q

Klinefelter labs

A

low serum testosterone

47XXY karyotype

33
Q

klinefelter syndrome tx

A

testosterone supplementation

34
Q

pheochromocytoma sx

A

secondary HTN
palpitations, HA
excessive sweating, weight loss, increased appetite

35
Q

pheochromocytoma dx

A

increase in 24h urinary catecholamines (increased metanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid)
MRI/CT abdomen

36
Q

pheochromocytoma tx

A

complete adrenalectomy

pre-op non selective alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine) –> BB/CCB

37
Q

pituitary adenoma dx

A

MRI

prolactin, GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH

38
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism labs

A

hypoK w/ metabolic alkalosis
aldosterone renin ratio screening
DefinitiveL saline infusion

39
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism tx

A

surgery
vitD/Ca supplement if secondary
tx hypercalcemia if sx (IV fluids, furosemide)

40
Q

SIADH dx

A

isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. dec serum osmo, decreased Na, decreased BUN
increase urine Cosmo
Dx of exclusion

41
Q

SIADH tx

A

fluid restriction

42
Q

subacute thyroiditis sx

A

painful thyroiditis
MC after viral infx
associated w/ HLA-B35

43
Q

subacute thyroiditis dx

A

clinical. hyperthyroidism in acute –> hypothyroid
increased ESR hallmark
no thyroid ab
decreased RAIU

44
Q

subacute thyroiditis tx

A

aspirin

45
Q

thyrotoxicosis labs

A

increased T3 and T4
decrease TSH
usually a precipitating event

46
Q

thyrotoxicosis tx

A

antithyroid: IV PTU/methimazole, RAIU, surgery
BB ASAP
supportive: IV glucocorticoid, avoid aspirin, cooling blankets

47
Q

DMT2 tx

A

neuropathy: gabapentin
retinopathy: bevacizumab
nephaopathy: ACE
Glucose: anti hyperglycemic meds/insulin

PNCE (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions