Renal

Question 1

Why are urea clearance tests less informative than creatinine clearance tests?

Answer 1

Urea is reabsorbed by passive diffusion into blood across the renal tubular epithelium

Question 2

The major constituent of urinary casts is _____

Answer 2

Tamm-Horsfall protein

Question 3

Why is SUN not a sensitive indicator of renal dysfunction?

Answer 3

Renal dysfx must dec by 50% before we see an inc in SUN

Question 4

Why may someone excrete less creatinine?

Answer 4

Hepatic dz Muscular dystrophy Paraplegia Poliomyelitis

Question 5

The relationship between serum creatinine and creatinine clearance is ________

Answer 5

logarithmic

Question 6

Fixed specific gravity (isosthenuria) suggests _______ and is frequently a prelude to _______

Answer 6

suggests loss of tubular concentrating ability preludes anuria

Question 7

SUN/creatinine ratio can be increased by increased urea synthesis, as seen in _______ (3)

Answer 7

Presence of blood in GI tract Muscle wasting disease Severe tissue trauma

Question 8

SUN/creatinine ratio can be increased by greater urea reabsorption, as seen in ______ (4)

Answer 8

Dehydration Dec. Cardiac Output Shock Renal dz

Question 9

SUN/creatinine ratio decrease can be caused by decreased urea synthesis, as seen in ________ (3)

Answer 9

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Severe hep. insufficiency

Starvation

Question 10

SUN/creatinine ratio decrease can be caused by decreased reabsorption as seen in ____ and _____

Answer 10

Overhydration

Rapid rehydration

Question 11

Acute tubular necrosis shows a(n) ______ in SUN/creatinine ratio

Answer 11

decrease

Question 12

Prerenal azotemia is caused by _____

Answer 12

dec renal BF

Question 13

Renal azotemia results from _____

Answer 13

damage directly to the kidney

Question 14

Postrenal azotemia is due to ______

Answer 14

urinary flow obstruction

Question 15

What are the serum chemistries found in Acute Glomerulonephritis (inc/dec)?

Answer 15

Inc:

SUN

Creatinine

Uric acid

Dec:

CrCl

GFR

Question 16

Smoky urine is seen with _____

Answer 16

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 17

Proteinuria is seen with ______

Answer 17

Acute glomerulonephritis Chronic glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome

Question 18

Which disease state has red cell casts (blood casts)?

Answer 18

Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 19

Which diseases have acidosis as a symptom?

Answer 19

acute glomerulonephritis chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 20

Chronic glomerulonephritis chemistry values

Answer 20

Inc:

SUN

creatinine

uric acid

K

PO4

Dec:

Na

Ca

CrCl

GFR

Question 21

Isosthenuria is seen in ______

Answer 21

chronic glomeruolonephritis

Question 22

Cylindruria is seen in _____

Answer 22

chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 23

Anemia is a telltale symptom of _____

Answer 23

chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 24

If you see inc K, inc PO4, and dec Ca, dec Na, think _____

Answer 24

chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 25

If GFR, urea N, creatinine, and SUN/creatinine are normal, then it could be \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

Nephrotic syndrome Acute pyelonephritis

Question 26

Hyperlipidemia is a sign of \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 27

Hypoalbuminuria ---\>

Answer 27

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 28

Excretion of red and white cells is common in \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

nephrotic syndrome

Question 29

Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) may be decreased with \_\_\_\_

Answer 29

nephrotic syndrome

Question 30

Normal uric acid is seen with

Answer 30

acute pyelonephritis

Question 31

Pyuria is seen with

Answer 31

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 32

Chronic glomerulonephritis has ______ hematuria, while Acute pyelonephritis has \_\_\_\_\_hematuria

Answer 32

Episodic Micro

Question 33

White cell casts seen with \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 34

Bacteruria seen with \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 34

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 35

Acidic urinary crystals

Answer 35

Envelopes Whetstones Needles in rosettes Spheres Sheaves Hexagons

Question 36

Alkaline urinary crystals

Answer 36

Thorn apples Amorphous debris Coffin lids

Question 37

Red cell casts seen in \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

Acute glomerulonephritis Lupus nephritis Goodpasture's syndrome Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

Question 38

Renal epithelial casts seen in \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 38

Exposure to nephrotoxic agents some viruses

Question 39

How does SUN/creatinine change with acute glomerulonephritis?

Answer 39

SUN/creatinine \>20

Question 40

What are the pH changes in acute glomerulonephritis?

Answer 40

Acidosis

Question 41

How does pH change with chronic glomerulonephritis?

Answer 41

Acidosis

Question 42

How does SUN/creatinine change with chronic glomerulonephritis?

Answer 42

SUN/creatinine \<10