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Lab Medicine > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Why are urea clearance tests less informative than creatinine clearance tests?

A

Urea is reabsorbed by passive diffusion into blood across the renal tubular epithelium

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2
Q

The major constituent of urinary casts is _____

A

Tamm-Horsfall protein

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3
Q

Why is SUN not a sensitive indicator of renal dysfunction?

A

Renal dysfx must dec by 50% before we see an inc in SUN

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4
Q

Why may someone excrete less creatinine?

A

Hepatic dz Muscular dystrophy Paraplegia Poliomyelitis

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5
Q

The relationship between serum creatinine and creatinine clearance is ________

A

logarithmic

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6
Q

Fixed specific gravity (isosthenuria) suggests _______ and is frequently a prelude to _______

A

suggests loss of tubular concentrating ability preludes anuria

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7
Q

SUN/creatinine ratio can be increased by increased urea synthesis, as seen in _______ (3)

A

Presence of blood in GI tract Muscle wasting disease Severe tissue trauma

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8
Q

SUN/creatinine ratio can be increased by greater urea reabsorption, as seen in ______ (4)

A

Dehydration Dec. Cardiac Output Shock Renal dz

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9
Q

SUN/creatinine ratio decrease can be caused by decreased urea synthesis, as seen in ________ (3)

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Severe hep. insufficiency

Starvation

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10
Q

SUN/creatinine ratio decrease can be caused by decreased reabsorption as seen in ____ and _____

A

Overhydration

Rapid rehydration

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11
Q

Acute tubular necrosis shows a(n) ______ in SUN/creatinine ratio

A

decrease

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12
Q

Prerenal azotemia is caused by _____

A

dec renal BF

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13
Q

Renal azotemia results from _____

A

damage directly to the kidney

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14
Q

Postrenal azotemia is due to ______

A

urinary flow obstruction

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15
Q

What are the serum chemistries found in Acute Glomerulonephritis (inc/dec)?

A

Inc:

SUN

Creatinine

Uric acid

Dec:

CrCl

GFR

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16
Q

Smoky urine is seen with _____

A

acute glomerulonephritis

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17
Q

Proteinuria is seen with ______

A

Acute glomerulonephritis Chronic glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome

18
Q

Which disease state has red cell casts (blood casts)?

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

19
Q

Which diseases have acidosis as a symptom?

A

acute glomerulonephritis chronic glomerulonephritis

20
Q

Chronic glomerulonephritis chemistry values

A

Inc:

SUN

creatinine

uric acid

K

PO4

Dec:

Na

Ca

CrCl

GFR

21
Q

Isosthenuria is seen in ______

A

chronic glomeruolonephritis

22
Q

Cylindruria is seen in _____

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

23
Q

Anemia is a telltale symptom of _____

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

24
Q

If you see inc K, inc PO4, and dec Ca, dec Na, think _____

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

25
Q

If GFR, urea N, creatinine, and SUN/creatinine are normal, then it could be _____

A

Nephrotic syndrome

Acute pyelonephritis

26
Q

Hyperlipidemia is a sign of _____

A

Nephrotic syndrome

27
Q

Hypoalbuminuria —>

A

Nephrotic syndrome

28
Q

Excretion of red and white cells is common in _____

A

nephrotic syndrome

29
Q

Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) may be decreased with ____

A

nephrotic syndrome

30
Q

Normal uric acid is seen with

A

acute pyelonephritis

31
Q

Pyuria is seen with

A

Acute pyelonephritis

32
Q

Chronic glomerulonephritis has ______ hematuria, while Acute pyelonephritis has _____hematuria

A

Episodic

Micro

33
Q

White cell casts seen with _____

A

Acute pyelonephritis

34
Q

Bacteruria seen with _____

A

Acute pyelonephritis

35
Q

Acidic urinary crystals

A

Envelopes

Whetstones

Needles in rosettes

Spheres

Sheaves

Hexagons

36
Q

Alkaline urinary crystals

A

Thorn apples

Amorphous debris

Coffin lids

37
Q

Red cell casts seen in ______.

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

Lupus nephritis

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

38
Q

Renal epithelial casts seen in ______

A

Exposure to nephrotoxic agents some viruses

39
Q

How does SUN/creatinine change with acute glomerulonephritis?

A

SUN/creatinine >20

40
Q

What are the pH changes in acute glomerulonephritis?

A

Acidosis

41
Q

How does pH change with chronic glomerulonephritis?

A

Acidosis

42
Q

How does SUN/creatinine change with chronic glomerulonephritis?

A

SUN/creatinine <10

Lab Medicine (23 decks)

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