Cardiac & Chol stuff Flashcards
Signs of AMI
Pallor Sweat Nausea Dyspnea Dizziness ECG changes
Which cardiac biomarkers are prognostic for MI?
cTnI
cTnT
Which cardiac biomarker is an early but non-specific indicator of MI?
Myoglobin
What myoglobin changes are indicative of MI?
Inc by 25%
CKMB & index values - normal
CKMB w/in reference range
Index < 2.5
CKMB & index values - cardiac damage
CKMB above reference range
Index > 2.5
CKMB & index values - SKM damage
CKMB above reference range
Index < 2.5
The key finding in MI is an elevation of _________ approximately _______ hrs after onset of chest pain.
CKMB to greater than 10 ng/mL
6-48 hrs after onset of chest pain
What biomarker is used for diagnosing CHF?
B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP)
NT-pro-BNP for ages 50-74
<900 pg/mL
half for under age
double for above age
CK & Troponin I&T have their first elevation _____ hrs after MI onset
4-6 hrs
Risk factors that modify LDL goals (5)
Cigarettes HTN (or on HTN med) Low HDL Family history of heart dz Age (men >= 45, women >= 55)
Which cholesterol factors require fasting to be measured?
TG
LDL
How many tests needed before instituting drug therapy, and how long in between?
1-4 weeks
Extreme risk cholesterol factors
Progressive CVD + LDL <70 + DM
Renal failure
Young age w/ history of CVD
Very high risk cholesterol factors
Recent MI
CVD + DM/Di
CHD cholesterol goal
LDL < 100
High risk cholesterol factors
2+ risk factors
DM/DI
CKD 3 or 4
Extreme risk cholesterol goals
<55 mg/dL
V. high risk cholesterol goals
<70
High risk cholesterol goals
<130
Cholesterol drugs CI in hepatic dz
Statins
Nicotinic acids
Fibrate derivative
Which chol drug has the risk of URTI?
Ezetimibe
Which chol drug is CI in renal insufficiency?
Fibrate derivatives
Which drugs are best for decreasing TG’s?
Nicotinic acids
Fibric acid derivatives
Which drugs may actually inc TG’s?
Bile Acid sequestrants
Which drugs inc HDL the most?
Fibric acid derivatives
Nicotinic acids
Flushing and hypER-g are AE of which chol med?
nicotinic acid derivatives
Which chol drug may dec absorption of other drugs?
BA sequestrants
When should LDL be measured directly?
If TG > 400
TG’s are catabolized by _____
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Measure if TG's are ridiculously high
