Cardiac & Chol stuff

Question 1

Signs of AMI

Answer 1

Pallor
Sweat
Nausea
Dyspnea
Dizziness
ECG changes

Question 2

Which cardiac biomarkers are prognostic for MI?

Answer 2

cTnI

cTnT

Question 3

Which cardiac biomarker is an early but non-specific indicator of MI?

Answer 3

Myoglobin

Question 4

What myoglobin changes are indicative of MI?

Answer 4

Inc by 25%

Question 5

CKMB & index values - normal

Answer 5

CKMB w/in reference range

Index < 2.5

Question 6

CKMB & index values - cardiac damage

Answer 6

CKMB above reference range

Index > 2.5

Question 7

CKMB & index values - SKM damage

Answer 7

CKMB above reference range

Index < 2.5

Question 8

The key finding in MI is an elevation of _________ approximately _______ hrs after onset of chest pain.

Answer 8

CKMB to greater than 10 ng/mL

6-48 hrs after onset of chest pain

Question 9

What biomarker is used for diagnosing CHF?

Answer 9

B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP)

Question 10

NT-pro-BNP for ages 50-74

Answer 10

<900 pg/mL
half for under age
double for above age

Question 11

CK & Troponin I&T have their first elevation _____ hrs after MI onset

Answer 11

4-6 hrs

Question 12

Risk factors that modify LDL goals (5)

Answer 12

Cigarettes
HTN (or on HTN med)
Low HDL
Family history of heart dz
Age (men >= 45, women >= 55)

Question 13

Which cholesterol factors require fasting to be measured?

Answer 13

TG

LDL

Question 14

How many tests needed before instituting drug therapy, and how long in between?

Answer 14

1-4 weeks

Question 15

Extreme risk cholesterol factors

Answer 15

Progressive CVD + LDL <70 + DM
Renal failure
Young age w/ history of CVD

Question 16

Very high risk cholesterol factors

Answer 16

Recent MI

CVD + DM/Di

Question 17

CHD cholesterol goal

Answer 17

LDL < 100

Question 18

High risk cholesterol factors

Answer 18

2+ risk factors
DM/DI
CKD 3 or 4

Question 19

Extreme risk cholesterol goals

Answer 19

<55 mg/dL

Question 20

V. high risk cholesterol goals

Answer 20

<70

Question 21

High risk cholesterol goals

Answer 21

<130

Question 22

Cholesterol drugs CI in hepatic dz

Answer 22

Statins
Nicotinic acids
Fibrate derivative

Question 23

Which chol drug has the risk of URTI?

Answer 23

Ezetimibe

Question 24

Which chol drug is CI in renal insufficiency?

Answer 24

Fibrate derivatives

Question 25

Which drugs are best for decreasing TG’s?

Answer 25

Nicotinic acids

Fibric acid derivatives

Question 26

Which drugs may actually inc TG’s?

Answer 26

Bile Acid sequestrants

Question 27

Which drugs inc HDL the most?

Answer 27

Fibric acid derivatives

Nicotinic acids

Question 28

Flushing and hypER-g are AE of which chol med?

Answer 28

nicotinic acid derivatives

Question 29

Which chol drug may dec absorption of other drugs?

Answer 29

BA sequestrants

Question 30

When should LDL be measured directly?

Answer 30

If TG > 400

Question 31

TG’s are catabolized by _____

Answer 31

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
Measure if TG's are ridiculously high