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Lab Medicine > GI & Pancreatic > Flashcards

GI & Pancreatic Flashcards

1
Q

Gastric acid secretion INC in ______

A

Zollnger-Ellison syndrome

Hypersecretion of gastrin by antral G-cells

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2
Q

Gastric acid secretion DEC in ____

A

Pernicious anemia

Post vagotomy

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3
Q

Gastric acid secretion is variable in _____

A

chronic renal failure

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4
Q

H. Pylori biopsy detects _____ activity and monitors change in ____

A

Urease enzyme activity

change in pH

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5
Q

C-breath test uses 13C labeled ____ and pt is monitored for ____

A

urea

13-labeled CO2

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6
Q

The issue with the IgG antibody immunoassay is that it ____

A

may remain positive for several years even after successful treatment

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7
Q

Characteristics of general malapsorption:

A

Amylorrhea
Steatorrhea
Creatorrhea

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8
Q

Which values normally are decreased in malabsorption?

A

Ca2+
SUN
CE/lipids
glucose absorption

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9
Q

Which values are normally increased with malabsorption?

A

Alk. Phosphatase

Prothrombin time

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10
Q

Tests for carb malabsorption

A

D-xylose absorption (dec)
Disaccharidase test (dec
Breath H+ test (inc)

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11
Q

Test for fat malabsorption

A

Fecal fat determination (inc)

14C-triolein breath test (dec)

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12
Q

Test for bacterial overgrowth

A

14C-Xylose test (inc)

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13
Q

Random tests for malabsorption

A 
Schilling (dec)
Sweat test (cystic fibrosis)
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14
Q

90% of Celiac’s pts have HLA-DQ_ and 10% have HLA-DQ_

A

90%: HLA-DQ2

10%: HLA-DQ8

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15
Q

Celiac’s can be triggered by: (4)

A

post-surgery
pregnancy
emotional stress
viral infection

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16
Q

Initial Celiac’s test

A

detection of IgA EMA against tissue transglutaminase

17
Q

Follow up Celiac’s test

A

Small bowel biopsies

18
Q

2% of Celiac’s patients are ____ deficient

A

IgA

19
Q

B12 deficiency is caused by ___ and ____

A

Dec intrinsic factor

Dec absorption

20
Q

Schilling test is for ____

A

B12 deficiency

<7% of dose excreted in pts with pernicious anemia

21
Q

Cystic fibrosis has elevated ___ and ___

A

Chloride and sodium (overlaps with normal)

22
Q

Factors that can increase GI blood loss (6)

A 
Salicylates
Steroids
Reserpine
Indomethacine
Colchicine
Iron
23
Q

Fecal occult blood tests can have false positives caused by _____

A

horseradish

24
Q

False negatives in a fecal occult blood test can be caused by ___

A

ascorbic acid

25
Q

Acute pancreatitis is often associated with an increase in: (4)

A

Serum Methemalbumin
Plasma glucose
Serum bilirubin
TG

26
Q

Acute pancreatitis is often associated with a decrease in

A

serum calcium

27
Q

How do serum amylase levels change over the course of acute pancreatitis?

A

Become elevated a few hours after onset but return to normal within 2-3 days

28
Q

Specificity of serum amylase test is _____ unless you are looking only at

A

low

P-isoenzyme

29
Q

Macroamylasemia may lead to _____

A

misinterpretations of a differential diagnosis of abdominal distress

30
Q

Elevated serum lipase & amylase are strong evidence for _____, but only when _____

A

a pancreatic process

only when lipase is high

31
Q

Increases of serum lipase are seen in: (7)

A 
Acute pancreatitis
Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Severe azotemia
Trauma to adipose
Fat embolism
Hyperalimentation therapy
32
Q

Serum levels of amylase may be ______ while urinary amylase may be _____

A

borderline

Elevated

33
Q

Pancreatitis amylase/creatinine clearance

A

5% to 20+%

34
Q

Non-pancreatic disorders with increases in amylase clearance/ratio of amylase:CrCl : (4)

A

Burns
Myeloma
Duodenal perforations
Extraperitoneal surgical procedures

35
Q

Hypocalcemia in pancreatitis is caused by ____

A

hypoalbuminemia

36
Q

Hypocalcemia in pancreatitis does not occur with ___

A

acute pancreatitis of hyperparathyroidism

37
Q

_____ may be markedly elevated in acute pancreatitis, and a cause of pancreatitis can be ______

A

TG

Hyperlipidemia

38
Q

Glucose intolerance may be seen in acute pancreatitis, with ______ ____

A

transient hyperglycemia

Lab Medicine (23 decks)

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