Protein

Question 1

Procalcitonin is measured using _____ and is elevated in _____ infections.

Answer 1

immunoassays

bacterial

Question 2

Procalcitonin is used to diagnose and monitor _____

Answer 2

sepsis

Question 3

An acute phase protein important for elasticity in lungs is ______

Answer 3

alpha1-antitrypsin

Question 4

Decreased concentrations of _____ can cause liver & hepatocellular damage

Answer 4

alpha1-antitrypsin

Question 5

Alpha1-acid glycoprotein is a ______ protein

Answer 5

binding protein for many drugs

Question 6

Alpha2 globulins

Answer 6

Haptoglobulin

Ceruloplasmin

Question 7

Haptoglobulin binds ______ and is monitored in ______ disease

Answer 7

free hemoglobin

Hemolytic disease

Question 8

Ceruloplasmn binds to ______ and is important in storing abilities of ______

Answer 8

Copper

Ferritin

Question 9

CRP is s ____ globulin

Answer 9

gamma

Question 10

What is the most sensitive acute phase reactant?

Answer 10

Gamma globulin

Question 11

Which globulin is a prognostic indicator of future adverse cardiac events?

Answer 11

Gamma globulin

Question 12

Transferrin is ______ in iron deficiency and _____ in iron overlaod

Answer 12

Elevated:
Iron Deficiency

Decreased:
Iron Overload

Question 13

Which globulin is increased as a part of late, positive acute phase reaction?

Answer 13

C3 complement (a B2 globulin)

Question 14

Which are the negative acute phase reactants?

Answer 14

Albumin
Prealbumin
Transferrin

Question 15

Which compound looks like a monoclonal immunoglobulin, but does not show up as an immunoglobulin on immunofixation electrophoresis?

Answer 15

Fibrinogen

Question 16

Which immunoglobulins are not present at sufficient concentrations to be detected by SPEP?

Answer 16

IgD

IgE

Question 17

Indicators of multiple myeloma (MM) following a bone biopsy:

Answer 17

30%+ of cells are identified as plasma cells
OR
3+ lytic regions

Question 18

Bone marrow lesions in multiple myeloma look “____”, `

Answer 18

“Punched out”

Question 19

CRAB

Answer 19

Multiple myeloma:

Calcium in excess
Renal injury
Anemia
Bone pain

Question 20

Which disease is characterized by IgM monoclonal proteins causing hyperviscosity of the serum?

Answer 20

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

Question 21

10% of patients with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia experience _____

Answer 21

Bence-Jones proteinuria

Question 22

Which syndrome lacks bone disease and tenderness?

Answer 22

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemua

Question 23

What is monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance? (MGUS)

Answer 23

Presence of an M-protein in persons w/o clinical evidence of MM, macroglobulinemia, or primary amyloidosis (AL).

Makes up 50-60% of M-protein having patients

Question 24

How does MGUS prevalence change?

Answer 24

Frequency increases with age and in African Americans and Japanese

Question 25

What does PCLI measure and what is it a good indicator of?

Answer 25

Measure DNA synth

good indicator of MM or forthcoming MM

Question 26

What is the most important criteria of MGUS?

Answer 26

M-protein must remain stable w/o abnormalities

Test every few months

Question 27

What is the acute phase response characterized by on an electrophoresis pattern?

Answer 27

Dec:
ALbumin

Inc:
Alpha 1
Alpha 2

Question 28

What is chronic inflammation (such as hepatitis) evidenced by on an electrophoresis pattern?

Answer 28

Diffuse elevation of the gamma region

Question 29

What does low gamma on an electrophoresis pattern suggest?

Answer 29

Hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 30

What does low alpha 1 on an electrophoresis pattern suggest?

Answer 30

Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 31

What is nephrotic syndrome characterized by on an electrophoresis pattern?

Answer 31

Dec:
Albumin
Gamma

Inc:
Alpha 2
B region

Question 32

Beta gamma bridging is a sign of _____

Answer 32

cirrhosis