- Decrease arterial pressure - Increase urine sodium concentration

Renal Flashcards by Jeff Shinker

Functions of the Kidneys (3)

Maintain fluid volume
Filter blood
Reabsorption of solutes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nephron

Smallest functional unit of the kidney

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythropoietin is released in response to…

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythropoietin does what?

Stimulate RBC production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Renin does what? (2)

Decrease arterial pressure

- Increase urine sodium concentration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pH of urine

4.6-8

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Amount of protein in urine

Less than 0.1g

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Amount of glucose in urine

less than 0.3g

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal amount of urine voided in 24 hours

600 to 2500mL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oliguria

Decreased urine output

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anuria

No urine output

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Polyuria

Increased urination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hematuria

Blood in urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Concentration of urine is measured by?

Specific gravity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

High GFR means what in regards to overall kidney health?

Increased GFR means good kidney function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Radiological studies of the kidneys (2)

Intravenous pyelogram

- Ultrasound of the kidneys or abdomen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who is more likely to develop kidney stones? Men or women?

Men

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kidney Stones pain location

Side and back

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Imaging studies for kidney stones (3)

Ultrasound
CT
MRI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Treatment for kidney stones (3)

High fluid intake
Decreasing dietary intake of stone-forming substances
Stone removal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

UTI definition

Inflammation of the urinary epithelium caused by bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Uncomplicated UTI (2)

Mild

- Normal urinary tract

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Complicated UTI

-Abnormality in urinary systems or health problem that compromises immunity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

UTI’s are caused by what?

E.coli

What are risk factors for UTI's (4)

- Being a female - Elderly people - People with DM - People with catheters

Symptoms of UTI (6)

- Pressure in the lower pelvis - Pain/burning with urination - Frequent urination - Cloudy urine - Blood in urine - Foul or strong urine odor

Diagnostics for UTI (2)

- Urinalysis | - Urine culture (clean catch)

Cystitis (3)

- Inflammation of the bladder - Low back pain - Treated with antibiotics

Interstitial cystitis

- Most common in women 20-30 - Bladder fullness - Small urine volume - Chronic pelvic pain - Inflamed bladder wall

Diagnostics for Interstitial cystitis (2)

- Urine culture | - Cytoscopy

Acute pyelonephritis definition

-Acute infection of the ureter, renal pelvis, interstitum

Chronic pyelonephritis (2)

- Persistent or recurring episodes of acute pyelonephritis that leads to scarring - Idiopathic or associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral refulx, or kidney stones

Symptoms of UTI's (5)

- Flank pain - Back pain - Fever - Mental changes - Confusion

Glomerulonephritis definition

Inflammation of the glomerulus

Glomerulonephritis is caused by what?

-Systemic diseases such as lupus or diabetes

With glomerulonephritis the urine has what in it? (3)

- RBC's - Protein - Tea color

Two major symptoms of glomerulonephritis

- Hematuria | - Proteinuria

Glomerulonephritis diagnostics (5)

- Urinalysis - CBC CMP - Complement levels - CT scan of kidneys - Renal biopsy

Nephrotic syndrome

- Protein wasting | - 3.5g or more of protein in urine per day

Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome (3)

- More common in children - Membranous glomerulonephritis - Focal segmental glomerulonephritis

Secondary causes to nephrotic syndrome

Systemic diseases

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) definition

-Sudden decline in kidney function

AKI lab findings (3)

- BUN increase - Creatinine increase - GFR decrease

What happens with the urine in AKI?

-Decrease in urine output

Pre-renal AKI (4)

- Most common - Impaired renal blood flow - GFR decreases - Occurs before or above the kidney

Pre-renal AKI causes (7)

- Hypotension - HTN - Volume depletion - Burns - Hemorrhage - NSAID's - Osmotic diuretics

Intra-renal AKI

- Acute tubular necrosis - Postischemic - Nephrotoxic - Oliguria

Intra-renal AKI causes (5)

- Ischemia - Toxins - Inflammation - Glomerular nephritis - Tumors

Post-renal AKI

-Urinary tract obstruction

Post-renal AKI (4)

- Prostatic hypertrophy - Malignancy (cervical cancer) - Ureter obstruction - Kidney stone

AKI symptoms (6)

- Decreased urine output - Excessive urination - Lower leg edema - Decreased sensation in hands or feet - Changes in mental status or mood - Seizures

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) definition

- Progressive loss of renal function that affects nearly all organ systems - Associated with HTN, DM, glomerulonephritis

CKD needs what?

Dialysis

Anemia is due to reduced what?

Erythropoietin production

CKD Symptoms

- Nausea - Vomiting - Unintentional weight loss - Fatigue - Headache - Increased or decreased urine output - Easy bruising or bleeding

Causes of bladder cancer

-Smoking -Toxin exposure -Parasite infection -Use of aristolochia fangchi Artificial sweeteners

Bladder cancer symptoms

- Hematuria - Pelvic pain - Pain during urination

Bladder cancer diagnostics (6)

- Urine for cytology - IVP - Cystoscopy - MRI - CT scan - Bone scan