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NUR 180 Pathophysiology > Chapter 20 Hormonal Regulation > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Hormonal Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Hormonal alterations is caused by

A

Inappropriate amounts of hormone delivered to target cell

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2
Q

Feedback system

A
  • Hypothalamus releases hormone 1 to anterior pituitary
  • Anterior pituitary releases hormone 2
  • Target gland releases hormone 3 to stop hormone 1 and 2 secretion
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3
Q

Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones

A
  • TRH
  • CRH
  • GnRH
  • GHRH
  • PIF
  • PRF
  • Substance P
  • Somatostatin
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4
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotopin-releasing hormone

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5
Q

CRH

A

Croticotropin-releasing hormone

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6
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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7
Q

GHRH

A

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

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8
Q

PIF

A

Prolactin-inhibiting factor

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9
Q

PRF

A

Prolactin-releasing factor

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10
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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11
Q

TSH Target and Function

A
  • Thyroid gland

- TH synthesis and release

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12
Q

Growth hormone target and function

A
  • Muscle, bone, and liver

- Growth

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13
Q

Adrenocorticotopin ACTH target and function

A
  • Adrenal cortex

- Cortisol release and androgenic hormones

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14
Q

Prolactin target and function

A
  • Breast

- Milk production

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15
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone target and function

A
  • Gonads

- Egg/sperm production

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16
Q

Luteinizing hormone target and function

A
  • Gonads

- Sex hormones

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17
Q

Decreased hypothalamic function does what to anterior pituitary function

A

Decreases it

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18
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

A
  • Hypersecretion of ADH

- Caused by ectopic production of ADH by tumors

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19
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone

A

-Acromegaly occurs from hypersecretion of GH from pituitary during adulthood

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20
Q

Symptoms of Anterior pituitary disorders

A
  • Swelling of the hands and feet
  • Facial features become coarse
  • Coarse body hair
  • Protruding jaw
  • Enlarged lip
  • Thickened ribs
  • Joint pain
  • Enlarged heart
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21
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

-Increased TH levels

22
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Increased TH levels from thyroid gland

- Graves disease

23
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidsm

A
  • Increased metabolic rate
  • Increased heart rate
  • Heat intolerance
  • Tissue sensitiity
24
Q

Graves disease

A

Autoimmune disease

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

25
Hypothyroidsim
-Decreased TH
26
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
- Decreased metabolic rate - Cold intolerance - Lethargy
27
Most common type of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's disease
28
Hashimoto's disases
Enlarged thyroid gland | More common in woman than men
29
Late symptoms of hypothyroidism
- Bradycardia - Hypothermia - Hypoglycemia - Hypotension - Decreased LOC - Heart failure
30
Cretinism
-Thyroid deficiency that develops in infancy from a deficiency
31
Symptoms of cretinism
- Respiratory difficulty - Cyanosis - Jaundice - Poor feeding - Hoarse cry - Constipation - Umbical hernia
32
Diabetes mellitus
Metabolic disease characterized by hypoglycemia | Insulin resistance
33
Type 1 DM
- Beta cell destruction | - Most common chronic disease
34
Type 2 DM
-Beta cell dysfunction
35
Acute complication of DM
- Hypoglycemia - DKA (type 1) - Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (type 2)
36
DKA Symptoms
- Type 1 - Blood sugar >250mg/dl - Acetone breath - Ketones in urine - pH <7.35 - Kussmal's respiration - Develops quickly - Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
37
HHS Symptoms
- Type 2 - Blood sugar >600mg/dl - No fruity smell - No ketones - Normal pH - Shallow breaths - Develops slowly - Altered LOC - Profound dehydration
38
Chronic conditions of DM
- Microvascular disease (retinopathy, nephropathy) - Macrovascular disease (CVD, stroke, PVD) - Infection
39
Cushing syndrome
-Chronic excess cortisol
40
Cushing disease
Excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH
41
Symptoms of hypercortical function
- Weight gain in trunk - Weight gain in face - Hypertension - Glucose intolerance and protein wasting
42
Causes of hypercortical function
-Prolonged steroid use
43
Diagnostic studies for hypercortical function
- 24 hour Urinary free cortisol level | - 50-100mg a day suggest Cushing's syndrome
44
Adrenocortical hypofunction
-Addison disease
45
Addison disease
- Adrenal insufficiency | - Autoimmune mechanisms
46
Secondary hypocortisolism
- Decreased ACTH | - Adrenal atrophy
47
Tumors in the adrenal medulla
Excessive production of catecholamines
48
Diagnostic studies for adrenal medulla
- 24 hour urine metanephrine - Elevated urine cateholamines - Abnormal levels of catecholamines in the blood
49
Symptoms of adrenal medulla cancer
-Severe headache -Palpitations -Rapid heart rate -Sweating -Flushing -Chest pain -Abdominal pain Nervousness -Irritability -Increased appetite -Loss of weight -HTN
50
Adrenal medulla cancer treatment
-Remove tumor by surgery

NUR 180 Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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