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NUR 180 Pathophysiology > Chapter 38 GI > Flashcards

Chapter 38 GI Flashcards

1
Q

Upper GI Bleeding Occurs Where

A
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
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2
Q

Lower GI Bleeding Occurs Where?

A
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
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3
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bright red stool

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4
Q

Melena

A

Black/tarry stools

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5
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

Dysphagia can occur due to…

A
  • Stroke
  • Dementia
  • GERD
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7
Q

Symptoms of Dysphagia

A
  • Stabbing pain at level of obstruction
  • Discomfort swallowing
  • Regurgitation of undigested food
  • Unpleasant taste
  • Vomiting
  • Aspriation
  • Weight loss
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8
Q

Dysphagia is managed by

A
  • Eating small meals
  • Taking fluid with meals
  • Sleeping with head elevated
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9
Q

GERD

A

Lower sphincter of esophagus does not work

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10
Q

Symptoms of GERD

A
  • Heartburn
  • Acid regurgitation
  • Dysphagia
  • Chronic cough
  • Asthma attacks
  • Laryngitis
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11
Q

Treatment of GERD

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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12
Q

Intestinal obstruction prevents what to flow through the intestinal lumen

A

Chyme

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13
Q

Simple obstruction of intestine

A

Mechanical blockage of the lumen

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14
Q

Functional obstruction of the intestine

A

Decreased motility

Occurs after surgery

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15
Q

Signs of small intestinal obstruction

A
  • Colicky pains

- Nausea and vomiting

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16
Q

Signs of large intestinal obstruction

A

Hypogastric pain and abdominal distention

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17
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa

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18
Q

Acute gastritis is caused by what

A

Injury

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19
Q

Chronic gastritis is caused by

A
  • Chronic fundal gastritis

- Chronic antral gastritis

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20
Q

Symptoms of gastrits

A
  • Anorexia
  • Fullness
  • Nasuea
  • Vomiting
  • Epigastric pain
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21
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease is caused by what

A

H. Pylori
Asprin and NSAID use
Alcohol

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22
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A

-Break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining

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23
Q

Most common ulcer

A

Duodenal ulcer

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24
Q

Duodenal ulcer symptoms

A

Intermittent pain in the epigastric area

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25
Management of duodenal ulcer
Relieving the causes and effects of hyperacidity and preventing complications
26
Gastric ulcer
Food causes pain
27
Symptoms of gastric ulcer
- Abdominal pain - Nausea - Abdominal indigestion - Vomiting blood - Unintentional weight loss - Fatigue
28
Upper GI has what kind of stool
Black/tarry stool
29
Ulcerative colitis/Chron's Disease
Chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disorders
30
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of the colonic mucosa
31
Symptoms of ulcerative colitis
- Diarrhea - Urgency - Red Bloody stools - Cramping
32
Lower GI has what kind of stool
Red and bloody
33
Diverticula
Herniations of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall
34
Diverticulosis
Asymptomatic diverticular disease
35
Diverticulitis
Inflammatory stage of diverticulosis
36
Cirrhosis
End stage liver disease | Biliary channels become obstructed and cause portal hypertension
37
Alcoholic liver disease
Toxic effects of alcohol | -Anorexia, nausea, jaundice, and edema
38
Jaundice is caused by what?
Hyperbilirubinemia White of eyes Clay color stool
39
Portal hypertension
High blood pressure in the portal venous system caused by resistance to portal blood flow
40
Varices
Vomiting blood | increased mortality rate
41
What is the most clinical manifestation of people with cirrhosis?
Vomiting blood from bleed esophageal varices
42
Hepatic encephalopathy
-Increased ammonia level
43
Hepatic encephalopathy early symptoms
- Subtle changes in personality - Memory loss - Irritability - Lethargy - Sleep disturbances
44
Later symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy
- Confusion - Disorientation - Tremor - Slow speech
45
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity | Most common cause is cirrhosis
46
Hep B and C are what?
Bloodborne
47
Hep A is
Fecal oral
48
Gallstones are formed due to an increase of what?
Cholesterol
49
You experience symptoms of gallstones when what occurs
Blockage
50
Cholecystitis
- Inflammation of gallbladder or cystic duct | - Caused by gallstone lodged in cystic duct
51
Symptoms of cholecystitis
- Fever - Leukocytosis - Rebound tenderness - Muscle guarding
52
Pancreatitis
-Inflammation of the pancreas
53
Pancreatitis is caused by
An obstruction to the outflow of digestive enzymes
54
Acute pancreatitis
- Cellular injury from alcohol, drugs, or viral infection - Epigastric or mid-abdominal constant pain - Increased lipase and amylase levels
55
Chronic pancreatitis
- Chronic alcohol abuse - Intermittent abdominal pain and weight loss - Risk for pancreatic cancer
56
Squamous cell carcinoma is from
-Smoking and chronic alcohol use
57
Adenocarcinoma is caused by
Obesity GERD Smoking
58
Esophagus cancer symptoms
Chest pain and dysphagia
59
Risk Factors for esophagus cancer
- Age 45-70 - Men - African Americans - Diet low in fruits and vegetables
60
Stomach cancer early symptoms
- Loss of appetite - Malaise - Indigestion
61
Stomach cancer later symptoms
- Unexplained weight loss - Upper abdominal pain - Vomiting - Change in bowel habits - Anemia
62
Stomach cancer risk factors
High consumption of salty and preserved foods
63
Colon and rectal cancer is typically caused by
Genetics
64
How to test for colon/rectal cancer
Colonoscopy
65
Risk factors for colon/rectal cancer
-Low fiber diet
66
What is the highest incidence and number of death of GI cancer
Colon/Rectal

NUR 180 Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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