Chapter 29 Pulmonary Function Flashcards
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
Kussmaul Respirations
Deep and rapid breathing
Cheye-Stokes Respirations
Periods of apnea
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease (8)
- Cough
- Abnormal sputum
- Hemoptysis
- Abnormal breathing patterns
- Hypoventilation
- Hyperventilation
- Cyanosis
- Clubbing
- Pain
Hypercapnia
Increased carbon dioxide concentration in arterial blood
Hypoxemia
-Reduced oxygen of arterial blood
Pneumothorax
Air in pleural space causing lung collapse
Pleural effusion
Fluid in pleural space
Pulmonary edem
Fluid in lungs
Pulmonary edema is commonly found in what disease?
Heart failure
Pulmonary edema symptoms (5)
- Pink frothy sputum
- Dyspnea
- Cough
- Wheezing
- Orthopnea
Aspiration
Passage of fluid nd solid particles into the lungs
Atelectasis
Collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)
Bronchiolitis (3)
Inflammatory obstruction of the small airways
- Common in children
- Occurs in adults with chronic bronchitis, in association with a viral infection
Pulmonary fibrosis (2)
- Excessive amount of fibrous tissue in lung
- Idiopathic or caused by scar tissue
Obstructive Lung Diseases (3)
- Narrowing of airways resulting in airway obstruction
- Worse on expiration
- Dyspnea and wheezing
Asthma (2)
- Chronic inflammation of the airways
- Causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Asthma symptoms (3)
- Expiratory wheezing
- Dyspnea
- Tachypnea
COPD (3)
- Persistent airflow limitation
- Usually progressive
- Most common lung disease in the world
2 Primary types of COPD
- Emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis
COPD Assessment (7)
- Chronic productive cough
- Barrel chest
- Increasing tolerance of high CO2 levels
- DOE
- Clubbing
- Wheezing
- Increased of pulmonary infections
Emphysema (4)
- Abnormal permanent enlargement of the gas-exchange airways
- Destruction of alveolar walls
- Loss of elastic recoil
- Air trapping
Emphysema Assessment (5)
- Chronic cough and dyspnea
- Pursed-lip breathing
- Barrel chest
- Hyperresonance on percussion
- Anorexia, weakness, muscle loss, weight loss
Chronic bronchitis (3)
- Hyper-secretion of mucus and chronic productive cough that lasts for @ least 3 months
- Thicker mucus
- Recurrent pulmonary infections
Chronic bronchitis treatment (3)
- Bronchodilators
- Expectorants
- Physical therapy
Chronic bronchitis assessment (5)
- Heavy productive cough
- Cough becomes worse
- Dyspnea and wheezing
- Cyanosis
- Generalized edema
Hypoxia
SpO2 saturation bellow 92%
Hypoxemia
Arterial blood PaO2 below 80mmHg
Hypoxemia symptoms (3)
- Mood changes
- forgetfulness
- Inability to concentrate
Hypercapna
Elevated CO2
Hypercapnia symptoms (8)
- Respiratory acidosis
- Tachypnea
- Dyspnea
- Headache
- Confusion
- Lethargy
- Nausea
- Vomiting
Obstructive Lung Disease Diagnostics (4)
- Chest X-ray
- PFT
- ABGs
- Bronchoscopy
Obstructive Lung Disease Treatment (8)
- Stop smoking
- Bronchodilators
- Antibiotics
- Oxygen therapy
- Steroids
- Chest physiology
- Postural drainage
- Pulmonary disease diet
Acute bronchitis
- Acute infection or inflammation
- Commonly follows a viral illness
- Acute bronchitis causes symptoms similar to those of pneumonia
Pneumonia (2)
- Lower tract
- Caused by: bacterial, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites
Types of Pneumonia (3)
- Community acquired
- Healthcare acquired
- Ventilator-associated
Tuberculosis (5)
- Leading cause of death from curable infectious disease in the world
- Airborne transmission
- Tubercle formation
- Caseous necrosis
- Tuberculin skin test
Pulmonary embolism (2)
- Occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus
- Pulmonary emboli commonly arise from DVT
PE Symptoms (8)
- Sudden chest pain
- Dyspnea, tachypnea
- Tachycardia
- Anxiety
- Hemoptysis
- Pleural friction
- Pulmonary hypertension/shock
- May cause death
PE Diagnostics (3)
- Dopple
- Ventilation and perfusion scan
- D-dimer
PE Treatment (2)
- Heparin
- Clot is dissolved by fibrinolytic system
Pulmonary infarction causes what to the lungs
-Shrinking and scarring in the affected area of the lung
Pulmonary hypertension is caused by….(6)
- Heritable defects
- Drugs
- Cenoocclusive disease
- Lung or heart disease
- Systemic disorders
- Chronic pulmonary embolism
Lung Cancer Causes (2)
- 80% caused by smoking
- Environmental, occupational, and genetic risk
