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NUR 180 Pathophysiology > Chapter 29 Pulmonary Function > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Pulmonary Function Flashcards

1
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

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2
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

Deep and rapid breathing

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3
Q

Cheye-Stokes Respirations

A

Periods of apnea

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4
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease (8)

A
  • Cough
  • Abnormal sputum
  • Hemoptysis
  • Abnormal breathing patterns
  • Hypoventilation
  • Hyperventilation
  • Cyanosis
  • Clubbing
  • Pain
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5
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increased carbon dioxide concentration in arterial blood

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6
Q

Hypoxemia

A

-Reduced oxygen of arterial blood

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7
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in pleural space causing lung collapse

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8
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid in pleural space

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9
Q

Pulmonary edem

A

Fluid in lungs

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10
Q

Pulmonary edema is commonly found in what disease?

A

Heart failure

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11
Q

Pulmonary edema symptoms (5)

A
  • Pink frothy sputum
  • Dyspnea
  • Cough
  • Wheezing
  • Orthopnea
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12
Q

Aspiration

A

Passage of fluid nd solid particles into the lungs

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13
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)

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14
Q

Bronchiolitis (3)

A

Inflammatory obstruction of the small airways

  • Common in children
  • Occurs in adults with chronic bronchitis, in association with a viral infection
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15
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis (2)

A
  • Excessive amount of fibrous tissue in lung

- Idiopathic or caused by scar tissue

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16
Q

Obstructive Lung Diseases (3)

A
  • Narrowing of airways resulting in airway obstruction
  • Worse on expiration
  • Dyspnea and wheezing
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17
Q

Asthma (2)

A
  • Chronic inflammation of the airways

- Causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness

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18
Q

Asthma symptoms (3)

A
  • Expiratory wheezing
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachypnea
19
Q

COPD (3)

A
  • Persistent airflow limitation
  • Usually progressive
  • Most common lung disease in the world
20
Q

2 Primary types of COPD

A
  • Emphysema

- Chronic bronchitis

21
Q

COPD Assessment (7)

A
  • Chronic productive cough
  • Barrel chest
  • Increasing tolerance of high CO2 levels
  • DOE
  • Clubbing
  • Wheezing
  • Increased of pulmonary infections
22
Q

Emphysema (4)

A
  • Abnormal permanent enlargement of the gas-exchange airways
  • Destruction of alveolar walls
  • Loss of elastic recoil
  • Air trapping
23
Q

Emphysema Assessment (5)

A
  • Chronic cough and dyspnea
  • Pursed-lip breathing
  • Barrel chest
  • Hyperresonance on percussion
  • Anorexia, weakness, muscle loss, weight loss
24
Q

Chronic bronchitis (3)

A
  • Hyper-secretion of mucus and chronic productive cough that lasts for @ least 3 months
  • Thicker mucus
  • Recurrent pulmonary infections
25
Chronic bronchitis treatment (3)
- Bronchodilators - Expectorants - Physical therapy
26
Chronic bronchitis assessment (5)
- Heavy productive cough - Cough becomes worse - Dyspnea and wheezing - Cyanosis - Generalized edema
27
Hypoxia
SpO2 saturation bellow 92%
28
Hypoxemia
Arterial blood PaO2 below 80mmHg
29
Hypoxemia symptoms (3)
- Mood changes - forgetfulness - Inability to concentrate
30
Hypercapna
Elevated CO2
31
Hypercapnia symptoms (8)
- Respiratory acidosis - Tachypnea - Dyspnea - Headache - Confusion - Lethargy - Nausea - Vomiting
32
Obstructive Lung Disease Diagnostics (4)
- Chest X-ray - PFT - ABGs - Bronchoscopy
33
Obstructive Lung Disease Treatment (8)
- Stop smoking - Bronchodilators - Antibiotics - Oxygen therapy - Steroids - Chest physiology - Postural drainage - Pulmonary disease diet
34
Acute bronchitis
- Acute infection or inflammation - Commonly follows a viral illness - Acute bronchitis causes symptoms similar to those of pneumonia
35
Pneumonia (2)
- Lower tract | - Caused by: bacterial, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites
36
Types of Pneumonia (3)
- Community acquired - Healthcare acquired - Ventilator-associated
37
Tuberculosis (5)
- Leading cause of death from curable infectious disease in the world - Airborne transmission - Tubercle formation - Caseous necrosis - Tuberculin skin test
38
Pulmonary embolism (2)
- Occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus - Pulmonary emboli commonly arise from DVT
39
PE Symptoms (8)
- Sudden chest pain - Dyspnea, tachypnea - Tachycardia - Anxiety - Hemoptysis - Pleural friction - Pulmonary hypertension/shock - May cause death
40
PE Diagnostics (3)
- Dopple - Ventilation and perfusion scan - D-dimer
41
PE Treatment (2)
- Heparin | - Clot is dissolved by fibrinolytic system
42
Pulmonary infarction causes what to the lungs
-Shrinking and scarring in the affected area of the lung
43
Pulmonary hypertension is caused by....(6)
- Heritable defects - Drugs - Cenoocclusive disease - Lung or heart disease - Systemic disorders - Chronic pulmonary embolism
44
Lung Cancer Causes (2)
- 80% caused by smoking | - Environmental, occupational, and genetic risk

NUR 180 Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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