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NUR 180 Pathophysiology > Chapter 26 Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Varicose Veins (2)

A
  • Distneded veins

- Blood pools in vein

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2
Q

Varicose vein risk factors (8)

A
  • Age
  • Female gender
  • Family history
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • DVT
  • Prior leg injury
  • Increased standing time
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3
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency (3)

A
  • Inadequate venous return
  • Due to varicose veins or valvular incompetence
  • Venous stasis ulcer
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4
Q

Highest risk factor for PE

A

DVT

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5
Q

What are apart of the Triad of Virchow (3)

A
  • Factors promoting thrombosis
  • Venous stasis
  • Venous endothelial damage
  • Hypercoaguladble states
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6
Q

Where is a thrombus?

A

Attached to the vessel wall

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7
Q

Where is a thromnoembolus?

A

Detached from vessel wall

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8
Q

When are SCD devices not used?

A

When a patient currently has a DVT

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9
Q

Diagnosis of DVT (4)

A
  • Positive Homan sign
  • Doppler study
  • Venous duplex
  • D-dimer
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10
Q

HTN SBP

A

Greater than or equal to 130mmHg

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11
Q

HTN DBP

A

Greater than or euqal to 80mmHg

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12
Q

Risk Factors of Primary HTN (4)

A
  • Family history
  • Diet
  • Tobacco and alcohol consumption
  • Obesity and glucose intolerance
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13
Q

What is secondary HTN caused by?

A

Other disorder that causes HTN

For example renal disease

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14
Q

Complicated HTN

A

Chronic HTN that is untreated

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15
Q

What can complicated HTN cause? (5)

A
  • Organ damage
  • Stroke
  • CHF
  • MI
  • Kidney failure
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16
Q

HTN Crisis SBP and DBP

A

SBP: >180mmHg
DBP: >120mmHg

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17
Q

How does an ACE Inhibitor work?

A

By stoping the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

This lowers the BP

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18
Q

What is the main goal of the renin-angiotension system?

A

To increase blood pressure

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19
Q

Orthostatin hypotension

A

Sudden drop in BP when going from sitting to standing

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20
Q

Aneurysm

A

Local dilation or outpouching of a vessel wall or cardiac chamber

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21
Q

Posterior rupture aneurysm symptoms

A

Back pain

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22
Q

Anterior rupture aneurysm

A

Pouch bursts into abdominal cavity causing hemorrhage

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23
Q

Diagnostics for anneurysm 5)

A
  • CXR
  • Echo
  • CT scan
  • MRI
  • Angiogram
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24
Q

Main symptoms of thoracic aneurysm (2)

A
  • Chest pain

- Dyspnea

25
Q

Peripheral vascular disease is what kind of disease?

A

Autoimmune

26
Q

Peripheral vasclar disease is strongly associated with what?

A

Smoking

27
Q

Raynaud phenomenon (4)

A
  • Episodic vasospasm
  • Blue/purple hands/numbness
  • Can be triggered by cold weather
  • Loss of perfusion to hands
28
Q

What helps Raynauds?

A

Keeping hands and limbs warm

29
Q

Atherosclerosis is what?

A

Thickening and hardening in the arteral wall

30
Q

Risk factors for atherosclerosis (5)

A
  • DM
  • Smoking
  • HLD
  • HTN
  • Autoimmunity
31
Q

What can atherosclerosis cause (2)

A
  • MI

- Stroke

32
Q

Coronary Artery Disease is defined as…

A

Any vascular disorder that narrows or occuldes the coronary arteries leading to myocardial ischemia

33
Q

Nonmodifiable CAD (4)

A
  • Cant control
  • Age
  • Family history
  • Gender
34
Q

Modifiable CAD (7)

A
  • Can control
  • Dyslipidemia
  • HTN
  • Smoking
  • DM
  • Obesity
  • Atherogenic diet
35
Q

Acute coronary syndromes

A

-Sudden event tat leads to MI

36
Q

Unstable angina

A

Chest pain does not go away

37
Q

Stable angina

A

Chest pain goes away with rest

38
Q

MI Symptoms

A
  • Chest pain that may radiate
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Daphoresis
  • Dyspnea
  • Neck/jaw pain
  • Left arm pain
39
Q

MI Complications (3)

A
  • Arrhthmias
  • CHF
  • Cardiogenic shock
40
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

-System wide low O2

41
Q

What is the most accurate way to see a MI?

A

Angiogram

42
Q

Most accurate lab test for MI

A

-Troponin

43
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Increased size of left ventricle due to increased workload

44
Q

Heart failure

A

Heart is unable to generate adequate cardiac output

45
Q

Left heart failure

A
  • Fluid backs up to lungs
  • EF less that 40%
  • Dyspnea
  • Orthopnea
  • Frothy sputum
  • Fatigue
  • Decreased urine output
  • Edema
46
Q

Bilateral edema is suggestive of what?

A

Left sided heart failure

47
Q

Unilateral edema is suggestive of what?

A

DVT

48
Q

Right sided heart failure

A

-Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

49
Q

Causes of HF (4)

A
  • CAD
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Pulmonary HTN
  • HTN
50
Q

BNP tests for what

A

Fluid retention

51
Q

Heart failure assessments

A
  • Pale, cool skin decreased perfusion to extremites
  • S3, murmurs, tachycardia, jugular vein distention
  • Dizzy
  • Low urine output
  • SOB, crackles
52
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Heart failure

53
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A
  • Insufficient intravascular fluid volume

- Massive hemmorhage

54
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Neural alterations of vascular smooth muscle tone

55
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A
  • Allergic reaction

- Vasodilation causes BP drop

56
Q

Septic shock

A

Blood stream infection

57
Q

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

A
  • End stage of shock
  • Progressive dysfuntion of 2 or more organ systems
  • Resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to illness or injury
58
Q

Why is MODS fatal?

A

Not enough O2 to organs

NUR 180 Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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