Randop;p Flashcards
what helps diagnose diabetes type 2
fasting plasma glucose
HbA1c
first line treatment for diabetic neuropathy
gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine
what is a serious complication of DKA in peadiatrics
cerebral oedema
what cells are assoc with type 1 diabetes
islet cell autoantibodies
is one measurement of blood glucose >11mol ina symptomatic patient valid to diagnose
yes
organisms commonly found in diabetic foot ulcers
pseudomonas aureginosa
first line treatment in type 1
basal bolus insulin
risk of SGLT2 inhibitors
Increased risk of euglycaemic ketoacidosis
anti-diabetic drug which enhances the release of insulin by pancreatic islet cells by altering potassium channel activity in these cells
sulfonylureas
what increases the risk of UTIs in type 2
SGLT2 inhiitors as they act on kidneys so glucose isnt absorbed it is just excreted via kidneys - more chance of infection
which diabtic drug enhances glucose uptake into cells by increasing bodys insulin sensitivity
metformin
how do sulfonylureas actv
by increasing insulin sefretion from pancreatic beta cells
what can bendroflumthiazide cause in type 2 diabetes
worsening blood sugars
which medicine is strongly associated with risk of hypoglycaemia
sulfonylureas
first innvestigations to confirm DKA
capillary blood gas and capillary blood ketones as quick and minimal distreess- finger prick
what is dextrose
comes from corn/wheat almost identical to glucose
what is gliclazide a well known compication for
hypoglycaemia
first line treatment for venous ulcers
compression therapy
chronic non healing wound round the ankle and orange brown pigmetation
venous ulcer
gestational diabetes diagnostic criteria
a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥5.6 mmol/L; or
a 2-hour post-oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose level of ≥7.8 mmol/L
hyperglycaemia, ketosis , absence of acidosis
diabetic ketosis
conseuqence of reducing osmolality too quickly
cerebral oedema
management of cerebral oedema
saline and mannitol to reduce pressure and bring osmolality back
treatment for acute severe hypocalcaemia
IV calcium gluconate
what is loss of lateral third of eyebrow a sign of
hypothyroidisms
what is afib a complication of in thyroid disease
hyperthyroidism
most common cause of hyperparathyroidism
adenoma on parathyroid gland
which antibody is present in hashimotos
anti-tpo- anti thyroidperoxidase-
which drug might cause lactic acidosis
metformin
which drug might cause hypo and weight gain
sulfonyureas
which drug might cause utis and ketoacidosis
sglt2i
drug which causes satiety and leads to weight loss
glp1
endogenous v exogenosu cause of hypogylcaemia
Serum C-peptide is a byproduct of insulin production
if it is raised this indicates that there is excessive endogenous insulin production
if it is not raised then this indicates that the patient has administered herself insulin
clinical findings of subclinical hypyerthyroidism
low TSH
normal t3,t4
risk of levothyroxine
osteoporosis
patient who is unable to tolerate metformin and has chronic heart failure what to prescribe?
sglt2i
what is given in gestational diabetes if diet, excersize and metformin is not adequate
insulin
thyroid storm choice of drug
PTU as more rapid onset than carbimazole
reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis
metformin
what type of drug is orlistat
lipase inhibitor
thyroiditis
overactive for a while, underactive then back to normal
does thyroiditis have an uptake scan
no
what does the colloid produce
thyroglobulin
what is t3 and t4 produced by
follicular cells
what to give diabetic with hypertension and afro caribean
arb
what to give afro caribean without diabetes but hypertensive
ccb
