Randop;p Flashcards

1
Q

what helps diagnose diabetes type 2

A

fasting plasma glucose
HbA1c

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2
Q

first line treatment for diabetic neuropathy

A

gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine

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3
Q

what is a serious complication of DKA in peadiatrics

A

cerebral oedema

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4
Q

what cells are assoc with type 1 diabetes

A

islet cell autoantibodies

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5
Q

is one measurement of blood glucose >11mol ina symptomatic patient valid to diagnose

A

yes

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6
Q

organisms commonly found in diabetic foot ulcers

A

pseudomonas aureginosa

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7
Q

first line treatment in type 1

A

basal bolus insulin

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8
Q

risk of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Increased risk of euglycaemic ketoacidosis

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9
Q

anti-diabetic drug which enhances the release of insulin by pancreatic islet cells by altering potassium channel activity in these cells

A

sulfonylureas

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10
Q

what increases the risk of UTIs in type 2

A

SGLT2 inhiitors as they act on kidneys so glucose isnt absorbed it is just excreted via kidneys - more chance of infection

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11
Q

which diabtic drug enhances glucose uptake into cells by increasing bodys insulin sensitivity

A

metformin

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12
Q

how do sulfonylureas actv

A

by increasing insulin sefretion from pancreatic beta cells

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13
Q

what can bendroflumthiazide cause in type 2 diabetes

A

worsening blood sugars

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14
Q

which medicine is strongly associated with risk of hypoglycaemia

A

sulfonylureas

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15
Q

first innvestigations to confirm DKA

A

capillary blood gas and capillary blood ketones as quick and minimal distreess- finger prick

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16
Q

what is dextrose

A

comes from corn/wheat almost identical to glucose

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17
Q

what is gliclazide a well known compication for

A

hypoglycaemia

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18
Q

first line treatment for venous ulcers

A

compression therapy

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19
Q

chronic non healing wound round the ankle and orange brown pigmetation

A

venous ulcer

20
Q

gestational diabetes diagnostic criteria

A

a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥5.6 mmol/L; or
a 2-hour post-oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose level of ≥7.8 mmol/L

21
Q

hyperglycaemia, ketosis , absence of acidosis

A

diabetic ketosis

22
Q

conseuqence of reducing osmolality too quickly

A

cerebral oedema

23
Q

management of cerebral oedema

A

saline and mannitol to reduce pressure and bring osmolality back

24
Q

treatment for acute severe hypocalcaemia

A

IV calcium gluconate

25
what is loss of lateral third of eyebrow a sign of
hypothyroidisms
26
what is afib a complication of in thyroid disease
hyperthyroidism
27
most common cause of hyperparathyroidism
adenoma on parathyroid gland
28
which antibody is present in hashimotos
anti-tpo- anti thyroidperoxidase-
29
which drug might cause lactic acidosis
metformin
30
which drug might cause hypo and weight gain
sulfonyureas
31
which drug might cause utis and ketoacidosis
sglt2i
32
drug which causes satiety and leads to weight loss
glp1
33
endogenous v exogenosu cause of hypogylcaemia
Serum C-peptide is a byproduct of insulin production if it is raised this indicates that there is excessive endogenous insulin production if it is not raised then this indicates that the patient has administered herself insulin
34
clinical findings of subclinical hypyerthyroidism
low TSH normal t3,t4
35
risk of levothyroxine
osteoporosis
36
patient who is unable to tolerate metformin and has chronic heart failure what to prescribe?
sglt2i
37
what is given in gestational diabetes if diet, excersize and metformin is not adequate
insulin
38
thyroid storm choice of drug
PTU as more rapid onset than carbimazole
39
reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis
metformin
40
what type of drug is orlistat
lipase inhibitor
41
thyroiditis
overactive for a while, underactive then back to normal
42
does thyroiditis have an uptake scan
no
43
what does the colloid produce
thyroglobulin
44
what is t3 and t4 produced by
follicular cells
45
what to give diabetic with hypertension and afro caribean
arb
46
what to give afro caribean without diabetes but hypertensive
ccb
47