Drugs in T2DM lecture Flashcards
actions of insulin
induces glucos uptake and utilisation by the liver
lowers blood glucose levels
promotes formation of glycogen
promotes conversion of glucose into fat in adipose tissue
stimulates amino acid uptake by cells and protein formation
what is gluconeogenesis
synthesisof glucose from non carb precursors
what do sulfonylureas require
functional mass of b cells to be effective
ending of sulfonyluraes
ides
action of sulfonylureas
closure of katp channel and so stimulate insulin release
what does sulfonylureas decrease
fasting and post prandial blood glucose
short acting sulfonylureas
tolbutamide
gliclazide
long acting sulfonylureas
glibenclamide, glipizide
what are sulfonylureas contraindicated in
pregnancy
what might sulfonylireas cause
hypogylcaemia
how might sulfonylureas cause weight gain
increases appetite
urinary loss of glucose decreased
anabolic effect of insulin increased
what does the ingestion of food stimulate the release of
Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Glucose Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP) from enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine; L cells and K cells in duodenum
effect of GLP-1
decreases glucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells leading to decreased glucose production and dceraesed blood glucose
effect of GLP-1 and GIP
enhance insulin release from pancreatic beta cells so enhacning glucose utilization adn uptake leading to decreased blood glucose
MOA of alpha glucosidase inhibiotrs
Delays glucose absorption and reduces postprandial blood glucose
