Adrenal gland disorders

Question 1

3 layers of adrenal gland

Answer 1

capsule
cortex
medulla

Question 1

secondary disorders

Answer 1

problems with ACTH

Question 2

tertiary disorders

Answer 2

hypothalamic

Question 3

what does ACTH play a crucial role in

Answer 3

regulation of cortisol production by the adrenal glands

Question 4

action of cortisol

Answer 4

• Catabolic hormone so increases blood sugar, lipolysis, proteolysis, supports blood pressure and cardiac output
  • Affects mood

Question 5

what can too much cortisol cause

Answer 5

euphoria and psychosis

Question 6

what might cushings be due to

Answer 6

prolonged high dose steroid therapy e.g in asthma , ibd , ra

Question 7

how to treat if you think adrenal insufficiency

Answer 7

treat immediately with steroids

Question 8

how to treat if acutely unwell

Answer 8

urgent hydrocortisone

Question 9

what is aldosterone regulated by

Answer 9

renin angiotensin system and plasma potassium

Question 10

where is cortisol produced

Answer 10

adrenal glands specifically adrenal cortex

Question 11

what is cortisol production regulated by

Answer 11

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis:
Thehypothalamusreleasescorticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
This signals thepituitary glandto releaseadrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
ACTH stimulates theadrenal cortexto produce and releasecortisolinto the bloodstream

Question 12

what is aldosterone activated in response to

Answer 12

low blood presssur

Question 13

MOA of corticosteroids

Answer 13

Bind intracellular receptors
Receptor/ligand complex binds DNA to affect transcription

Question 14

classes of steroid receptor

Answer 14

Glucocorticoid
Mineralocorticoid
Progestin
Oestrogen
Androgen
Vitamin D

Question 15

major glucocorticoid actions

Answer 15

carb, protein , fat metabolism

anti inflam effects

Question 16

adrenal cortex

Answer 16

outer layer of adrenal gland

Question 17

aldosterone

Answer 17

steroid hormone produced by adrenal cortex

Question 18

role of aldosterone

Answer 18

control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping sodium in and releasing potassium from the body

Question 19

what can too mch aldosterone cause

Answer 19

high blood pressure and a build-up of fluid in body tissues.

Question 20

effects of aldosterone via mineralocorticoid receptor

Answer 20

sodium potassium balance
blood pressure regulation
regulation of extracellular volume

Question 21

primary insufficiencies

Answer 21

addisons
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
adrenal tb/ malignancy
infections- adrenalitis
drug induced

Question 22

secondary and tertiary insufficiency

Answer 22

Due to lack of ACTH stimulation
Iatrogenic (excess exogenous steroid)
Pituitary disorders
hypothalamic disorders- tertiary

Question 23

addisons

Answer 23

autoimmune destrction of adrenal cortex

Question 24

diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency

Answer 24

low na
high potassium

extra raised acth cuasing skin pigmentation

extr raised renin , low aldosterone

Question 25

what to give in adrenal emergency

Answer 25

0.9% nacl - normal saline
100mg iv hydrocortisone

Question 26

cortisol primary producted

Answer 26

zone fasciculata of adrenal cortex

Question 27

primary aldosteronism clinical features

Answer 27

signif hypertensioon
hypokalaemia
alkalosis